Eye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function

Abstract Background The cognitive impairment pattern of deficit schizophrenia (DS) is centered on an impaired attention function. Previous studies have suggested that the exploratory eye movement (EEM) tests reflect attention deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, no study has investigate...

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Autores principales:	Lin Zhang, Xiangrong Zhang, Xinyu Fang, Chao Zhou, Lu Wen, Xinming Pan, Fuquan Zhang, Jiu Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Deficit schizophrenia Exploratory eye movement Mattis Dementia Rating Scale Cognitive function Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7025cd25a8654007b7832e8c5f8bc7a2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7025cd25a8654007b7832e8c5f8bc7a22021-11-28T12:30:37ZEye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function10.1186/s12868-021-00673-w1471-2202https://doaj.org/article/7025cd25a8654007b7832e8c5f8bc7a22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-021-00673-whttps://doaj.org/toc/1471-2202Abstract Background The cognitive impairment pattern of deficit schizophrenia (DS) is centered on an impaired attention function. Previous studies have suggested that the exploratory eye movement (EEM) tests reflect attention deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated the characteristics of eye movement in DS in the Chinese Han population. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of eye movement characteristics in DS patients and to examine whether eye movement characteristic is associated with serious negative symptoms and cognitive decline in this schizophrenia subtype. Methods A total of 86 male patients [37 DS and 49 non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS)] and 80 healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS-2). Eye movement data of subjects were collected using an eye movement tracking analyzer. Results There were significant differences in the overall eye movement data and cognitive test scores among the three groups (all P < 0.001). Both DS and NDS schizophrenia subgroups showed more severe eye movement and cognitive impairment compared with the control group. The number of eye fixations (NEF), total of eye scanning length (TESL), and cognitive function in DS patients were significantly lower than those in NDS patients. The discriminant analysis (D score) was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001). In the DS group, the inattention factor of SANS was negatively correlated with the attention factor (r = − 0.545, P = 0.001) and structure factor of cognitive (r = − 0.389, P = 0.023), the affective flattening factor of SANS was negatively correlated with TESL (r = − 0.353, P = 0.041) and initiation/retention factor of cognitive (r = − 0.376,P = 0.028). TESL was found to positively correlate with the MDRS-2 total score (r = 0.427, P = 0.012), attention factor (r = 0.354, P = 0.040), and memory factor (r = 0.349, P = 0.043) in the DS group, whereas the mean of eye scanning length (MESL) positively correlated with cognitive impairments in the NDS group. The negative symptoms showed no significant correlation with cognition in the NDS group. Conclusions Total of eye scanning length may be a characteristic eye movement symptom in DS patients, which is associated with serious negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in this schizophrenia subtype.Lin ZhangXiangrong ZhangXinyu FangChao ZhouLu WenXinming PanFuquan ZhangJiu ChenBMCarticleDeficit schizophreniaExploratory eye movementMattis Dementia Rating ScaleCognitive functionNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENBMC Neuroscience, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Deficit schizophrenia Exploratory eye movement Mattis Dementia Rating Scale Cognitive function Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Deficit schizophrenia Exploratory eye movement Mattis Dementia Rating Scale Cognitive function Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Lin Zhang Xiangrong Zhang Xinyu Fang Chao Zhou Lu Wen Xinming Pan Fuquan Zhang Jiu Chen Eye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function
description	Abstract Background The cognitive impairment pattern of deficit schizophrenia (DS) is centered on an impaired attention function. Previous studies have suggested that the exploratory eye movement (EEM) tests reflect attention deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated the characteristics of eye movement in DS in the Chinese Han population. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of eye movement characteristics in DS patients and to examine whether eye movement characteristic is associated with serious negative symptoms and cognitive decline in this schizophrenia subtype. Methods A total of 86 male patients [37 DS and 49 non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS)] and 80 healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS-2). Eye movement data of subjects were collected using an eye movement tracking analyzer. Results There were significant differences in the overall eye movement data and cognitive test scores among the three groups (all P < 0.001). Both DS and NDS schizophrenia subgroups showed more severe eye movement and cognitive impairment compared with the control group. The number of eye fixations (NEF), total of eye scanning length (TESL), and cognitive function in DS patients were significantly lower than those in NDS patients. The discriminant analysis (D score) was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001). In the DS group, the inattention factor of SANS was negatively correlated with the attention factor (r = − 0.545, P = 0.001) and structure factor of cognitive (r = − 0.389, P = 0.023), the affective flattening factor of SANS was negatively correlated with TESL (r = − 0.353, P = 0.041) and initiation/retention factor of cognitive (r = − 0.376,P = 0.028). TESL was found to positively correlate with the MDRS-2 total score (r = 0.427, P = 0.012), attention factor (r = 0.354, P = 0.040), and memory factor (r = 0.349, P = 0.043) in the DS group, whereas the mean of eye scanning length (MESL) positively correlated with cognitive impairments in the NDS group. The negative symptoms showed no significant correlation with cognition in the NDS group. Conclusions Total of eye scanning length may be a characteristic eye movement symptom in DS patients, which is associated with serious negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in this schizophrenia subtype.
format	article
author	Lin Zhang Xiangrong Zhang Xinyu Fang Chao Zhou Lu Wen Xinming Pan Fuquan Zhang Jiu Chen
author_facet	Lin Zhang Xiangrong Zhang Xinyu Fang Chao Zhou Lu Wen Xinming Pan Fuquan Zhang Jiu Chen
author_sort	Lin Zhang
title	Eye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function
title_short	Eye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function
title_full	Eye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function
title_fullStr	Eye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function
title_full_unstemmed	Eye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function
title_sort	eye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7025cd25a8654007b7832e8c5f8bc7a2
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Eye movement characteristics in male patients with deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function

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