Measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—A scoping review

<h4>Background</h4> The relevance of gender as a social determinant of health and its role in the production of health inequalities is now broadly acknowledged. However, the plethora of existing approaches to capture gender, which often stem from disciplines outside of epidemiology, make...

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Autores principales:	Céline Miani, Lisa Wandschneider, Jana Niemann, Stephanie Batram-Zantvoort, Oliver Razum
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70294bae3543474c93027c7271d7846d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70294bae3543474c93027c7271d7846d2021-11-11T07:14:46ZMeasurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—A scoping review1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/70294bae3543474c93027c7271d7846d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8565751/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4> The relevance of gender as a social determinant of health and its role in the production of health inequalities is now broadly acknowledged. However, the plethora of existing approaches to capture gender, which often stem from disciplines outside of epidemiology, makes it difficult to assess their practicality and relevance for a given research purpose. We conducted a scoping review to 1) map the evidence of how gender can be operationalised in quantitative epidemiology and 2) design a tool to critically evaluate the measures identified. <h4>Methods</h4> We identified peer-reviewed articles in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO). Eligible sources described the quantitative operationalisation of the social dimension of gender. With the help of a newly developed checklist, we assessed their relevance from an analytical perspective (e.g. intersectionality) and their potential for implementation in epidemiology. <h4>Results</h4> Gender measures principally assessed gender roles and norms, gender-based discrimination and violence, and structural gender (in)equality. Of the 344 measures included in this review, the majority lacked theoretical foundation, and tended to reinforce the binary understanding of gender through stereotypes of femininity and masculinity. Only few measures allowed for an intersectional approach and a multilevel understanding of gender mechanisms. From a practical point of view, gender measures demonstrated potential for use in varied populations and contexts. <h4>Conclusions</h4> A range of gender measures are readily available for epidemiological research, addressing different levels and dimensions of gender as a social construct. With our theory-informed, practice-driven scoping review, we highlighted strengths and limitations of such measures and provided analytical tools for researchers interested in conducting intersectional, gender-sensitive analyses.Céline MianiLisa WandschneiderJana NiemannStephanie Batram-ZantvoortOliver RazumPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Céline Miani Lisa Wandschneider Jana Niemann Stephanie Batram-Zantvoort Oliver Razum Measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—A scoping review
description	<h4>Background</h4> The relevance of gender as a social determinant of health and its role in the production of health inequalities is now broadly acknowledged. However, the plethora of existing approaches to capture gender, which often stem from disciplines outside of epidemiology, makes it difficult to assess their practicality and relevance for a given research purpose. We conducted a scoping review to 1) map the evidence of how gender can be operationalised in quantitative epidemiology and 2) design a tool to critically evaluate the measures identified. <h4>Methods</h4> We identified peer-reviewed articles in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO). Eligible sources described the quantitative operationalisation of the social dimension of gender. With the help of a newly developed checklist, we assessed their relevance from an analytical perspective (e.g. intersectionality) and their potential for implementation in epidemiology. <h4>Results</h4> Gender measures principally assessed gender roles and norms, gender-based discrimination and violence, and structural gender (in)equality. Of the 344 measures included in this review, the majority lacked theoretical foundation, and tended to reinforce the binary understanding of gender through stereotypes of femininity and masculinity. Only few measures allowed for an intersectional approach and a multilevel understanding of gender mechanisms. From a practical point of view, gender measures demonstrated potential for use in varied populations and contexts. <h4>Conclusions</h4> A range of gender measures are readily available for epidemiological research, addressing different levels and dimensions of gender as a social construct. With our theory-informed, practice-driven scoping review, we highlighted strengths and limitations of such measures and provided analytical tools for researchers interested in conducting intersectional, gender-sensitive analyses.
format	article
author	Céline Miani Lisa Wandschneider Jana Niemann Stephanie Batram-Zantvoort Oliver Razum
author_facet	Céline Miani Lisa Wandschneider Jana Niemann Stephanie Batram-Zantvoort Oliver Razum
author_sort	Céline Miani
title	Measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—A scoping review
title_short	Measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—A scoping review
title_full	Measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—A scoping review
title_fullStr	Measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—A scoping review
title_full_unstemmed	Measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—A scoping review
title_sort	measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—a scoping review
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/70294bae3543474c93027c7271d7846d
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Measurement of gender as a social determinant of health in epidemiology—A scoping review

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