The Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA

Jia-You Fang,1–4,* Yin-Ku Lin,5,6,* Pei-Wen Wang,7 Ahmed Alalaiwe,8 Yu-Ching Yang,1 Shih-Chun Yang9 1Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 2Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Ch...

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Autores principales:	Fang JY, Lin YK, Wang PW, Alalaiwe A, Yang YC, Yang SC
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:	cetylpyridinium chloride nanoemulsion MRSA biofilm size effect Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/704041f9525c4df384fec19283de7c85
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:704041f9525c4df384fec19283de7c852021-12-02T10:03:08ZThe Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/704041f9525c4df384fec19283de7c852019-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-droplet-size-effect-of-squalenecetylpyridinium-chloride-nanoemulsi-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Jia-You Fang,1–4,* Yin-Ku Lin,5,6,* Pei-Wen Wang,7 Ahmed Alalaiwe,8 Yu-Ching Yang,1 Shih-Chun Yang9 1Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 2Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 3Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 4Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 5School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 6Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan; 7Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 8Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shih-Chun YangDepartment of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200 Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 7, Shalu, Taichung 433, TaiwanTel +886-4-26328001 Ext 15041Fax +886-4-26322293Email yangsc@pu.edu.twBackground: It is important to explore the interaction between antibacterial nanoparticles and microbes for understanding bactericidal activity and developing novel applications. It is possible that the nanoparticulate size can govern the antibacterial potency.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)–decorated nanoemulsions against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Methods: The droplet size could be adjusted by varying the percentage of squalene, the main ingredient of the oily core.Results: We fabricated cationic nanoemulsions of three different sizes, 55, 165, and 245 nm. The nanoemulsions showed greater storage stability than the self-assembled CPC micelles. The tested nanoemulsions exhibited more antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The killing of MRSA was mainly induced by direct cell-membrane damage. This rupture led to the leakage of cytoplasmic DNA and proteins. The nanoemulsions might also degrade the DNA helix and disturb protein synthesis. The proteomic analysis indicated the significant downregulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase (RNAP) subunits β and β’. The antibacterial effect of nanoemulsions increased with decreasing droplet size in the biofilm MRSA but not planktonic MRSA. The small-sized nanoemulsions had potent antibiofilm activity that showed a colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction of 10-fold compared with the control. The loss of total DNA concentration also negatively correlated with the nanoemulsion size.Conclusion: The present report established a foundation for the development of squalene@CPC nanosystems against drug-resistant S. aureus.Keywords: cetylpyridinium chloride, nanoemulsion, MRSA, biofilm, size effectFang JYLin YKWang PWAlalaiwe AYang YCYang SCDove Medical Pressarticlecetylpyridinium chloridenanoemulsionMRSAbiofilmsize effectMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 14, Pp 8133-8147 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cetylpyridinium chloride nanoemulsion MRSA biofilm size effect Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	cetylpyridinium chloride nanoemulsion MRSA biofilm size effect Medicine (General) R5-920 Fang JY Lin YK Wang PW Alalaiwe A Yang YC Yang SC The Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA
description	Jia-You Fang,1–4,* Yin-Ku Lin,5,6,* Pei-Wen Wang,7 Ahmed Alalaiwe,8 Yu-Ching Yang,1 Shih-Chun Yang9 1Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 2Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 3Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 4Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 5School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 6Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan; 7Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 8Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shih-Chun YangDepartment of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200 Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 7, Shalu, Taichung 433, TaiwanTel +886-4-26328001 Ext 15041Fax +886-4-26322293Email yangsc@pu.edu.twBackground: It is important to explore the interaction between antibacterial nanoparticles and microbes for understanding bactericidal activity and developing novel applications. It is possible that the nanoparticulate size can govern the antibacterial potency.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)–decorated nanoemulsions against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Methods: The droplet size could be adjusted by varying the percentage of squalene, the main ingredient of the oily core.Results: We fabricated cationic nanoemulsions of three different sizes, 55, 165, and 245 nm. The nanoemulsions showed greater storage stability than the self-assembled CPC micelles. The tested nanoemulsions exhibited more antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The killing of MRSA was mainly induced by direct cell-membrane damage. This rupture led to the leakage of cytoplasmic DNA and proteins. The nanoemulsions might also degrade the DNA helix and disturb protein synthesis. The proteomic analysis indicated the significant downregulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase (RNAP) subunits β and β’. The antibacterial effect of nanoemulsions increased with decreasing droplet size in the biofilm MRSA but not planktonic MRSA. The small-sized nanoemulsions had potent antibiofilm activity that showed a colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction of 10-fold compared with the control. The loss of total DNA concentration also negatively correlated with the nanoemulsion size.Conclusion: The present report established a foundation for the development of squalene@CPC nanosystems against drug-resistant S. aureus.Keywords: cetylpyridinium chloride, nanoemulsion, MRSA, biofilm, size effect
format	article
author	Fang JY Lin YK Wang PW Alalaiwe A Yang YC Yang SC
author_facet	Fang JY Lin YK Wang PW Alalaiwe A Yang YC Yang SC
author_sort	Fang JY
title	The Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA
title_short	The Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA
title_full	The Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA
title_fullStr	The Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA
title_full_unstemmed	The Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA
title_sort	droplet-size effect of squalene@cetylpyridinium chloride nanoemulsions on antimicrobial potency against planktonic and biofilm mrsa
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/704041f9525c4df384fec19283de7c85
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The Droplet-Size Effect Of Squalene@cetylpyridinium Chloride Nanoemulsions On Antimicrobial Potency Against Planktonic And Biofilm MRSA

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