Animal-Based Factors Prior to Infection Predict Histological Disease Outcome in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus- and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs

A large variety of clinical manifestation in individual pigs occurs after infection with pathogens involved in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Some pigs are less prone to develop respiratory disease symptoms. The variation in clinical impact after infection and the recovery capacity of a...

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Autores principales:	Ingrid D. E. van Dixhoorn, Dennis E. te Beest, Jantina E. Bolhuis, Hendrik K. Parmentier, Bas Kemp, Simon van Mourik, Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Cornelis G. van Reenen, Johanna M. J. Rebel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	resilience indicators porcine respiratory disease PRRSV Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae coping strategy enriched housing Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70428f35cf464a509714c42156f619bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70428f35cf464a509714c42156f619bb2021-11-17T04:51:29ZAnimal-Based Factors Prior to Infection Predict Histological Disease Outcome in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus- and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs2297-176910.3389/fvets.2021.742877https://doaj.org/article/70428f35cf464a509714c42156f619bb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.742877/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769A large variety of clinical manifestation in individual pigs occurs after infection with pathogens involved in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Some pigs are less prone to develop respiratory disease symptoms. The variation in clinical impact after infection and the recovery capacity of an individual animal are measures of its resilience. In this paper, we examined which ones of a range of animal-based factors (rectal temperature, body weight, skin lesion scores, behavior, natural antibody serum levels, serum levels of white blood cells, and type of T and granulocyte subsets) when measured prior to infection are related to disease severity. These animal-based factors and the interaction with housing regimen of the piglets (conventional or enriched) were modeled using linear regression to predict disease severity using a dataset acquired from a previous study using a well-established experimental coinfection model of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Both PRRSV and A. pleuropneumoniae are often involved in PRDC. Histological lung lesion score of each animal was used as a measure for PRDC severity after infection. Prior to infection, higher serum levels of lymphocytes (CD3+), naïve T helper (CD3+CD4+CD8−), CD8+ (as well as higher relative levels of CD8+), and memory T helper (CD3+CD4+CD8+) cells and higher relative levels of granulocytes (CD172a) were related to reduced disease severity in both housing systems. Raised serum concentrations of natural IgM antibodies binding to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were also related to reduced disease severity after infection. Increased levels of skin lesions at the central body part (after weaning and before infection) were related to increased disease severity in conventional housing systems only. High resisters showed a lower histological lung lesion score, which appeared unrelated to sex. Body temperature, behavior, and growth prior to infections were influenced by housing regimen but could not explain the variation in lung lesion scores after infection. Raised basal lymphocyte counts and lower skin lesion scores are related to reduced disease severity independent of or dependent on housing system, respectively. In conclusion, our study identifies intrinsic animal-based measures using linear regression analysis that predicts resilience to infections in pigs.Ingrid D. E. van DixhoornDennis E. te BeestJantina E. BolhuisHendrik K. ParmentierBas KempSimon van MourikNorbert Stockhofe-ZurwiedenCornelis G. van ReenenJohanna M. J. RebelFrontiers Media S.A.articleresilience indicatorsporcine respiratory diseasePRRSVActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaecoping strategyenriched housingVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	resilience indicators porcine respiratory disease PRRSV Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae coping strategy enriched housing Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	resilience indicators porcine respiratory disease PRRSV Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae coping strategy enriched housing Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Ingrid D. E. van Dixhoorn Dennis E. te Beest Jantina E. Bolhuis Hendrik K. Parmentier Bas Kemp Simon van Mourik Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden Cornelis G. van Reenen Johanna M. J. Rebel Animal-Based Factors Prior to Infection Predict Histological Disease Outcome in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus- and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs
description	A large variety of clinical manifestation in individual pigs occurs after infection with pathogens involved in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Some pigs are less prone to develop respiratory disease symptoms. The variation in clinical impact after infection and the recovery capacity of an individual animal are measures of its resilience. In this paper, we examined which ones of a range of animal-based factors (rectal temperature, body weight, skin lesion scores, behavior, natural antibody serum levels, serum levels of white blood cells, and type of T and granulocyte subsets) when measured prior to infection are related to disease severity. These animal-based factors and the interaction with housing regimen of the piglets (conventional or enriched) were modeled using linear regression to predict disease severity using a dataset acquired from a previous study using a well-established experimental coinfection model of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Both PRRSV and A. pleuropneumoniae are often involved in PRDC. Histological lung lesion score of each animal was used as a measure for PRDC severity after infection. Prior to infection, higher serum levels of lymphocytes (CD3+), naïve T helper (CD3+CD4+CD8−), CD8+ (as well as higher relative levels of CD8+), and memory T helper (CD3+CD4+CD8+) cells and higher relative levels of granulocytes (CD172a) were related to reduced disease severity in both housing systems. Raised serum concentrations of natural IgM antibodies binding to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were also related to reduced disease severity after infection. Increased levels of skin lesions at the central body part (after weaning and before infection) were related to increased disease severity in conventional housing systems only. High resisters showed a lower histological lung lesion score, which appeared unrelated to sex. Body temperature, behavior, and growth prior to infections were influenced by housing regimen but could not explain the variation in lung lesion scores after infection. Raised basal lymphocyte counts and lower skin lesion scores are related to reduced disease severity independent of or dependent on housing system, respectively. In conclusion, our study identifies intrinsic animal-based measures using linear regression analysis that predicts resilience to infections in pigs.
format	article
author	Ingrid D. E. van Dixhoorn Dennis E. te Beest Jantina E. Bolhuis Hendrik K. Parmentier Bas Kemp Simon van Mourik Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden Cornelis G. van Reenen Johanna M. J. Rebel
author_facet	Ingrid D. E. van Dixhoorn Dennis E. te Beest Jantina E. Bolhuis Hendrik K. Parmentier Bas Kemp Simon van Mourik Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden Cornelis G. van Reenen Johanna M. J. Rebel
author_sort	Ingrid D. E. van Dixhoorn
title	Animal-Based Factors Prior to Infection Predict Histological Disease Outcome in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus- and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs
title_short	Animal-Based Factors Prior to Infection Predict Histological Disease Outcome in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus- and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs
title_full	Animal-Based Factors Prior to Infection Predict Histological Disease Outcome in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus- and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs
title_fullStr	Animal-Based Factors Prior to Infection Predict Histological Disease Outcome in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus- and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs
title_full_unstemmed	Animal-Based Factors Prior to Infection Predict Histological Disease Outcome in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus- and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs
title_sort	animal-based factors prior to infection predict histological disease outcome in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus- and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/70428f35cf464a509714c42156f619bb
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Animal-Based Factors Prior to Infection Predict Histological Disease Outcome in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus- and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs

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