Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen <italic toggle="yes">Rhizopus delemar</italic>

ABSTRACT Rhizopus delemar is an invasive fungal pathogen responsible for the frequently fatal disease mucormycosis. Germination, a crucial mechanism by which infectious spores of Rhizopus delemar cause disease, is a key developmental process that transforms the dormant spore state into a vegetative...

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Autores principales:	Poppy C. S. Sephton-Clark, Jose F. Muñoz, Elizabeth R. Ballou, Christina A. Cuomo, Kerstin Voelz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	RNA-Seq Rhizopus delemar fungi germination mucormycosis pathogens Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70742a605b124d6c8e0f1f9fb9cb110b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70742a605b124d6c8e0f1f9fb9cb110b2021-11-15T15:22:26ZPathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen <italic toggle="yes">Rhizopus delemar</italic>10.1128/mSphere.00403-182379-5042https://doaj.org/article/70742a605b124d6c8e0f1f9fb9cb110b2018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00403-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Rhizopus delemar is an invasive fungal pathogen responsible for the frequently fatal disease mucormycosis. Germination, a crucial mechanism by which infectious spores of Rhizopus delemar cause disease, is a key developmental process that transforms the dormant spore state into a vegetative one. The molecular mechanisms that underpin this transformation may be key to controlling mucormycosis; however, the regulation of germination remains poorly understood. This study describes the phenotypic and transcriptional changes that take place over the course of germination. This process is characterized by four distinct stages: dormancy, isotropic swelling, germ tube emergence, and hyphal growth. Dormant spores are shown to be transcriptionally unique, expressing a subset of transcripts absent in later developmental stages. A large shift in the expression profile is prompted by the initiation of germination, with genes involved in respiration, chitin, cytoskeleton, and actin regulation appearing to be important for this transition. A period of transcriptional consistency can be seen throughout isotropic swelling, before the transcriptional landscape shifts again at the onset of hyphal growth. This study provides a greater understanding of the regulation of germination and highlights processes involved in transforming Rhizopus delemar from a single-cellular to multicellular organism. IMPORTANCE Germination is key to the growth of many organisms, including fungal spores. Mucormycete spores exist abundantly within the environment and germinate to form hyphae. These spores are capable of infecting immunocompromised individuals, causing the disease mucormycosis. Germination from spore to hyphae within patients leads to angioinvasion, tissue necrosis, and often fatal infections. This study advances our understanding of how spore germination occurs in the mucormycetes, identifying processes we may be able to inhibit to help prevent or treat mucormycosis.Poppy C. S. Sephton-ClarkJose F. MuñozElizabeth R. BallouChristina A. CuomoKerstin VoelzAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleRNA-SeqRhizopus delemarfungigerminationmucormycosispathogensMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 3, Iss 5 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	RNA-Seq Rhizopus delemar fungi germination mucormycosis pathogens Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	RNA-Seq Rhizopus delemar fungi germination mucormycosis pathogens Microbiology QR1-502 Poppy C. S. Sephton-Clark Jose F. Muñoz Elizabeth R. Ballou Christina A. Cuomo Kerstin Voelz Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen <italic toggle="yes">Rhizopus delemar</italic>
description	ABSTRACT Rhizopus delemar is an invasive fungal pathogen responsible for the frequently fatal disease mucormycosis. Germination, a crucial mechanism by which infectious spores of Rhizopus delemar cause disease, is a key developmental process that transforms the dormant spore state into a vegetative one. The molecular mechanisms that underpin this transformation may be key to controlling mucormycosis; however, the regulation of germination remains poorly understood. This study describes the phenotypic and transcriptional changes that take place over the course of germination. This process is characterized by four distinct stages: dormancy, isotropic swelling, germ tube emergence, and hyphal growth. Dormant spores are shown to be transcriptionally unique, expressing a subset of transcripts absent in later developmental stages. A large shift in the expression profile is prompted by the initiation of germination, with genes involved in respiration, chitin, cytoskeleton, and actin regulation appearing to be important for this transition. A period of transcriptional consistency can be seen throughout isotropic swelling, before the transcriptional landscape shifts again at the onset of hyphal growth. This study provides a greater understanding of the regulation of germination and highlights processes involved in transforming Rhizopus delemar from a single-cellular to multicellular organism. IMPORTANCE Germination is key to the growth of many organisms, including fungal spores. Mucormycete spores exist abundantly within the environment and germinate to form hyphae. These spores are capable of infecting immunocompromised individuals, causing the disease mucormycosis. Germination from spore to hyphae within patients leads to angioinvasion, tissue necrosis, and often fatal infections. This study advances our understanding of how spore germination occurs in the mucormycetes, identifying processes we may be able to inhibit to help prevent or treat mucormycosis.
format	article
author	Poppy C. S. Sephton-Clark Jose F. Muñoz Elizabeth R. Ballou Christina A. Cuomo Kerstin Voelz
author_facet	Poppy C. S. Sephton-Clark Jose F. Muñoz Elizabeth R. Ballou Christina A. Cuomo Kerstin Voelz
author_sort	Poppy C. S. Sephton-Clark
title	Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen <italic toggle="yes">Rhizopus delemar</italic>
title_short	Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen <italic toggle="yes">Rhizopus delemar</italic>
title_full	Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen <italic toggle="yes">Rhizopus delemar</italic>
title_fullStr	Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen <italic toggle="yes">Rhizopus delemar</italic>
title_full_unstemmed	Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen <italic toggle="yes">Rhizopus delemar</italic>
title_sort	pathways of pathogenicity: transcriptional stages of germination in the fatal fungal pathogen <italic toggle="yes">rhizopus delemar</italic>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/70742a605b124d6c8e0f1f9fb9cb110b
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Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen <italic toggle="yes">Rhizopus delemar</italic>

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