Biomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems

The quality of aquatic systems is threated by the huge amount of chemicals dispersed in the environment. Anthropogenic activities are one of the main causes of pollution by metals, water sewage, pesticides, pharmaceutical drugs and other contaminants. These substances have consequences on the enviro...

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Autores principales:	Silvia Lomartire, João C. Marques, Ana M.M. Gonçalves
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Water framework directive Marine strategy framework directive Quality status Multi-level biomarkers approach Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70b16bd4eed741819b1db20d87b84b31
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70b16bd4eed741819b1db20d87b84b312021-12-01T04:38:52ZBiomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107207https://doaj.org/article/70b16bd4eed741819b1db20d87b84b312021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20311468https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XThe quality of aquatic systems is threated by the huge amount of chemicals dispersed in the environment. Anthropogenic activities are one of the main causes of pollution by metals, water sewage, pesticides, pharmaceutical drugs and other contaminants. These substances have consequences on the environment bringing abiotic and biotic deterioration. Global Climate change (GCC) also affects the dynamics of aquatic communities affecting the toxicity of pollutants by altering their physiochemical properties and the adaptive capacity of organisms. Damages in ecosystems and thus in aquatic communities have consequences in functional and physiological roles, with impacts along the trophic food web and thus, in the food quality. The degradation and loss of the goods and services provided by theses ecosystems affect human population. To safeguard the environmental status, the European Union has implemented the Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD; 2008/56/EC) legislations, which allow the use of biological tools to detect the quality of aquatic systems. The following review highlights the use of these biological tools to achieve the objective of both legislations that assures the good quality of the aquatic environment. The biological groups most used for the assessment of aquatic systems are: phytoplankton, macrophytes, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, with several authors also consider zooplankton due to the sensitiveness of this community to stressors, although this group is not identified as a biological quality element (BQE) of WFD. Relying on bioindicators and biomarkers as supporting on chemical analyses, researchers should have a clear overview of environmental conditions. To ensure that biological tools are valid, they must deal with some criteria: they must be cheap and easy to perform; be sensitive to pollutant exposure; be reliable, with a short life span and easy to collect.Although bioindicators and biomarkers may be used as early-warning indicators of the presence of stressors, they have limitations in their applications. Thus, should be assessed and identified the most accurate and suitable biomarker to be used as endpoint in ecotoxicological studies and the assessment of the environmental status.Silvia LomartireJoão C. MarquesAna M.M. GonçalvesElsevierarticleWater framework directiveMarine strategy framework directiveQuality statusMulti-level biomarkers approachEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 122, Iss , Pp 107207- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Water framework directive Marine strategy framework directive Quality status Multi-level biomarkers approach Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Water framework directive Marine strategy framework directive Quality status Multi-level biomarkers approach Ecology QH540-549.5 Silvia Lomartire João C. Marques Ana M.M. Gonçalves Biomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems
description	The quality of aquatic systems is threated by the huge amount of chemicals dispersed in the environment. Anthropogenic activities are one of the main causes of pollution by metals, water sewage, pesticides, pharmaceutical drugs and other contaminants. These substances have consequences on the environment bringing abiotic and biotic deterioration. Global Climate change (GCC) also affects the dynamics of aquatic communities affecting the toxicity of pollutants by altering their physiochemical properties and the adaptive capacity of organisms. Damages in ecosystems and thus in aquatic communities have consequences in functional and physiological roles, with impacts along the trophic food web and thus, in the food quality. The degradation and loss of the goods and services provided by theses ecosystems affect human population. To safeguard the environmental status, the European Union has implemented the Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD; 2008/56/EC) legislations, which allow the use of biological tools to detect the quality of aquatic systems. The following review highlights the use of these biological tools to achieve the objective of both legislations that assures the good quality of the aquatic environment. The biological groups most used for the assessment of aquatic systems are: phytoplankton, macrophytes, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, with several authors also consider zooplankton due to the sensitiveness of this community to stressors, although this group is not identified as a biological quality element (BQE) of WFD. Relying on bioindicators and biomarkers as supporting on chemical analyses, researchers should have a clear overview of environmental conditions. To ensure that biological tools are valid, they must deal with some criteria: they must be cheap and easy to perform; be sensitive to pollutant exposure; be reliable, with a short life span and easy to collect.Although bioindicators and biomarkers may be used as early-warning indicators of the presence of stressors, they have limitations in their applications. Thus, should be assessed and identified the most accurate and suitable biomarker to be used as endpoint in ecotoxicological studies and the assessment of the environmental status.
format	article
author	Silvia Lomartire João C. Marques Ana M.M. Gonçalves
author_facet	Silvia Lomartire João C. Marques Ana M.M. Gonçalves
author_sort	Silvia Lomartire
title	Biomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems
title_short	Biomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems
title_full	Biomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems
title_fullStr	Biomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems
title_full_unstemmed	Biomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems
title_sort	biomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/70b16bd4eed741819b1db20d87b84b31
work_keys_str_mv	AT silvialomartire biomarkersbasedtoolstoassessenvironmentalandchemicalstressorsinaquaticsystems AT joaocmarques biomarkersbasedtoolstoassessenvironmentalandchemicalstressorsinaquaticsystems AT anammgoncalves biomarkersbasedtoolstoassessenvironmentalandchemicalstressorsinaquaticsystems
_version_	1718405849887539200

Biomarkers based tools to assess environmental and chemical stressors in aquatic systems

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