Uneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in Apis mellifera population

Abstract The complementary sex determiner (csd) gene determines the sex of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Bees that are heterozygous at the csd locus develop into females; whereas hemizygous bees develop into males. The co-occurrence of two identical csd alleles in a single diploid genom...

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Autores principales:	Joanna Zareba, Pawel Blazej, Agnieszka Laszkiewicz, Lukasz Sniezewski, Michal Majkowski, Sylwia Janik, Malgorzata Cebrat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70b8d116aa0a453a8d07039b7e2c9196
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70b8d116aa0a453a8d07039b7e2c91962021-12-02T16:08:21ZUneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in Apis mellifera population10.1038/s41598-017-02629-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/70b8d116aa0a453a8d07039b7e2c91962017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02629-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The complementary sex determiner (csd) gene determines the sex of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Bees that are heterozygous at the csd locus develop into females; whereas hemizygous bees develop into males. The co-occurrence of two identical csd alleles in a single diploid genome leads to the genetic death of the bee. Thus, the maintenance of csd diversity in the population is favoured. The number and distribution of csd alleles is particularly interesting in light of the recent decline in the honey bee population. In this study, we analysed the distribution of csd alleles in two Polish populations separated by about 100 km. We analysed the maternal alleles of 193 colonies and found 121 different alleles. We also analysed the distribution and frequency of the alleles, and found that they are distributed unevenly. We show that the methods that have been used so far to estimate the total worldwide number of csd alleles have significantly underestimated their diversity. We also show that the uneven distribution of csd alleles is caused by a large number of infrequent alleles, which most likely results from the fact that these alleles are generated very frequently.Joanna ZarebaPawel BlazejAgnieszka LaszkiewiczLukasz SniezewskiMichal MajkowskiSylwia JanikMalgorzata CebratNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Joanna Zareba Pawel Blazej Agnieszka Laszkiewicz Lukasz Sniezewski Michal Majkowski Sylwia Janik Malgorzata Cebrat Uneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in Apis mellifera population
description	Abstract The complementary sex determiner (csd) gene determines the sex of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Bees that are heterozygous at the csd locus develop into females; whereas hemizygous bees develop into males. The co-occurrence of two identical csd alleles in a single diploid genome leads to the genetic death of the bee. Thus, the maintenance of csd diversity in the population is favoured. The number and distribution of csd alleles is particularly interesting in light of the recent decline in the honey bee population. In this study, we analysed the distribution of csd alleles in two Polish populations separated by about 100 km. We analysed the maternal alleles of 193 colonies and found 121 different alleles. We also analysed the distribution and frequency of the alleles, and found that they are distributed unevenly. We show that the methods that have been used so far to estimate the total worldwide number of csd alleles have significantly underestimated their diversity. We also show that the uneven distribution of csd alleles is caused by a large number of infrequent alleles, which most likely results from the fact that these alleles are generated very frequently.
format	article
author	Joanna Zareba Pawel Blazej Agnieszka Laszkiewicz Lukasz Sniezewski Michal Majkowski Sylwia Janik Malgorzata Cebrat
author_facet	Joanna Zareba Pawel Blazej Agnieszka Laszkiewicz Lukasz Sniezewski Michal Majkowski Sylwia Janik Malgorzata Cebrat
author_sort	Joanna Zareba
title	Uneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in Apis mellifera population
title_short	Uneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in Apis mellifera population
title_full	Uneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in Apis mellifera population
title_fullStr	Uneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in Apis mellifera population
title_full_unstemmed	Uneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in Apis mellifera population
title_sort	uneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in apis mellifera population
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/70b8d116aa0a453a8d07039b7e2c9196
work_keys_str_mv	AT joannazareba unevendistributionofcomplementarysexdeterminercsdallelesinapismelliferapopulation AT pawelblazej unevendistributionofcomplementarysexdeterminercsdallelesinapismelliferapopulation AT agnieszkalaszkiewicz unevendistributionofcomplementarysexdeterminercsdallelesinapismelliferapopulation AT lukaszsniezewski unevendistributionofcomplementarysexdeterminercsdallelesinapismelliferapopulation AT michalmajkowski unevendistributionofcomplementarysexdeterminercsdallelesinapismelliferapopulation AT sylwiajanik unevendistributionofcomplementarysexdeterminercsdallelesinapismelliferapopulation AT malgorzatacebrat unevendistributionofcomplementarysexdeterminercsdallelesinapismelliferapopulation
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Uneven distribution of complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles in Apis mellifera population

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