Metabolic Model of the <italic toggle="yes">Phytophthora infestans</italic>-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization

ABSTRACT The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato and tomato late blight, a disease that is a serious threat to agriculture. P. infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and during infection, it scavenges nutrients from living host cells for its own proliferation. To date, the nutrie...

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Autores principales:	Sander Y. A. Rodenburg, Michael F. Seidl, Howard S. Judelson, Andrea L. Vu, Francine Govers, Dick de Ridder
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	Phytophthora infestans metabolic modeling metabolism oomycetes tomato Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70bc9d4cf6974e6c86b174682eed0b22
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70bc9d4cf6974e6c86b174682eed0b222021-11-15T16:22:11ZMetabolic Model of the <italic toggle="yes">Phytophthora infestans</italic>-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization10.1128/mBio.00454-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/70bc9d4cf6974e6c86b174682eed0b222019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00454-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato and tomato late blight, a disease that is a serious threat to agriculture. P. infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and during infection, it scavenges nutrients from living host cells for its own proliferation. To date, the nutrient flux from host to pathogen during infection has hardly been studied, and the interlinked metabolisms of the pathogen and host remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed an integrated metabolic model of P. infestans and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by integrating two previously published models for both species. We used this integrated model to simulate metabolic fluxes from host to pathogen and explored the topology of the model to study the dependencies of the metabolism of P. infestans on that of tomato. This showed, for example, that P. infestans, a thiamine auxotroph, depends on certain metabolic reactions of the tomato thiamine biosynthesis. We also exploited dual-transcriptome data of a time course of a full late blight infection cycle on tomato leaves and integrated the expression of metabolic enzymes in the model. This revealed profound changes in pathogen-host metabolism during infection. As infection progresses, P. infestans performs less de novo synthesis of metabolites and scavenges more metabolites from tomato. This integrated metabolic model for the P. infestans-tomato interaction provides a framework to integrate data and generate hypotheses about in planta nutrition of P. infestans throughout its infection cycle. IMPORTANCE Late blight disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans leads to extensive yield losses in tomato and potato cultivation worldwide. To effectively control this pathogen, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms shaping the interaction with its hosts is paramount. While considerable work has focused on exploring host defense mechanisms and identifying P. infestans proteins contributing to virulence and pathogenicity, the nutritional strategies of the pathogen are mostly unresolved. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can be used to simulate metabolic fluxes and help in unravelling the complex nature of metabolism. We integrated a GEM of tomato with a GEM of P. infestans to simulate the metabolic fluxes that occur during infection. This yields insights into the nutrients that P. infestans obtains during different phases of the infection cycle and helps in generating hypotheses about nutrition in planta.Sander Y. A. RodenburgMichael F. SeidlHoward S. JudelsonAndrea L. VuFrancine GoversDick de RidderAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlePhytophthora infestansmetabolic modelingmetabolismoomycetestomatoMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 10, Iss 4 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Phytophthora infestans metabolic modeling metabolism oomycetes tomato Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Phytophthora infestans metabolic modeling metabolism oomycetes tomato Microbiology QR1-502 Sander Y. A. Rodenburg Michael F. Seidl Howard S. Judelson Andrea L. Vu Francine Govers Dick de Ridder Metabolic Model of the <italic toggle="yes">Phytophthora infestans</italic>-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization
description	ABSTRACT The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato and tomato late blight, a disease that is a serious threat to agriculture. P. infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and during infection, it scavenges nutrients from living host cells for its own proliferation. To date, the nutrient flux from host to pathogen during infection has hardly been studied, and the interlinked metabolisms of the pathogen and host remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed an integrated metabolic model of P. infestans and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by integrating two previously published models for both species. We used this integrated model to simulate metabolic fluxes from host to pathogen and explored the topology of the model to study the dependencies of the metabolism of P. infestans on that of tomato. This showed, for example, that P. infestans, a thiamine auxotroph, depends on certain metabolic reactions of the tomato thiamine biosynthesis. We also exploited dual-transcriptome data of a time course of a full late blight infection cycle on tomato leaves and integrated the expression of metabolic enzymes in the model. This revealed profound changes in pathogen-host metabolism during infection. As infection progresses, P. infestans performs less de novo synthesis of metabolites and scavenges more metabolites from tomato. This integrated metabolic model for the P. infestans-tomato interaction provides a framework to integrate data and generate hypotheses about in planta nutrition of P. infestans throughout its infection cycle. IMPORTANCE Late blight disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans leads to extensive yield losses in tomato and potato cultivation worldwide. To effectively control this pathogen, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms shaping the interaction with its hosts is paramount. While considerable work has focused on exploring host defense mechanisms and identifying P. infestans proteins contributing to virulence and pathogenicity, the nutritional strategies of the pathogen are mostly unresolved. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can be used to simulate metabolic fluxes and help in unravelling the complex nature of metabolism. We integrated a GEM of tomato with a GEM of P. infestans to simulate the metabolic fluxes that occur during infection. This yields insights into the nutrients that P. infestans obtains during different phases of the infection cycle and helps in generating hypotheses about nutrition in planta.
format	article
author	Sander Y. A. Rodenburg Michael F. Seidl Howard S. Judelson Andrea L. Vu Francine Govers Dick de Ridder
author_facet	Sander Y. A. Rodenburg Michael F. Seidl Howard S. Judelson Andrea L. Vu Francine Govers Dick de Ridder
author_sort	Sander Y. A. Rodenburg
title	Metabolic Model of the <italic toggle="yes">Phytophthora infestans</italic>-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization
title_short	Metabolic Model of the <italic toggle="yes">Phytophthora infestans</italic>-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization
title_full	Metabolic Model of the <italic toggle="yes">Phytophthora infestans</italic>-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization
title_fullStr	Metabolic Model of the <italic toggle="yes">Phytophthora infestans</italic>-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization
title_full_unstemmed	Metabolic Model of the <italic toggle="yes">Phytophthora infestans</italic>-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization
title_sort	metabolic model of the <italic toggle="yes">phytophthora infestans</italic>-tomato interaction reveals metabolic switches during host colonization
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/70bc9d4cf6974e6c86b174682eed0b22
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Metabolic Model of the <italic toggle="yes">Phytophthora infestans</italic>-Tomato Interaction Reveals Metabolic Switches during Host Colonization

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