Getting along to get ahead: The role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.

Tournament theory posits that some organizations are modeled after sports tournaments whereby individuals are incentivized to compete and win against other members of the organization. A persistent criticism of tournament theory is that rank-order success of employees is entirely dependent on non-in...

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Autores principales:	George C Banks, Christopher E Whelpley, Eean R Crawford, Ernest H O'Boyle, Sven Kepes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70c1fe563e594e1b84c67781624b30a5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70c1fe563e594e1b84c67781624b30a52021-12-02T20:06:12ZGetting along to get ahead: The role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257389https://doaj.org/article/70c1fe563e594e1b84c67781624b30a52021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257389https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Tournament theory posits that some organizations are modeled after sports tournaments whereby individuals are incentivized to compete and win against other members of the organization. A persistent criticism of tournament theory is that rank-order success of employees is entirely dependent on non-interacting or at least non-cooperating entities. To address what part, if any, cooperation plays in competitive tournaments, this study examines the role of social networks in tournament-style promotion and reward systems. Specifically, we seek to identify the importance of social relationships, such as group dissimilarity, initial tie formation, and tie strength in predicting tournament success. Bringing two largely independent research streams together (one focused on cooperation and one framed around competition), we examine how individuals' performance interacts with their social relationships-their social networks-to influence their chances of winning a tournament. Using the Survivor television series, we analyze the behaviors of 535 interacting contestants across 30 tournaments. In general, the findings help to illustrate how performance and social networks predict tournament advancement. Interestingly, we find that group dissimilarity based on gender, race, and age, largely does not play a role in advancement in the tournaments. Further, the strength of ties fails to mediate between variables such as group dissimilarity and initial tie formation. We conclude by discussing future directions for theoretical and practical exploration of tournament-style promotion systems. Recommendations include continuing to explore and test the role of social dynamics in compensation and promotion systems.George C BanksChristopher E WhelpleyEean R CrawfordErnest H O'BoyleSven KepesPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257389 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q George C Banks Christopher E Whelpley Eean R Crawford Ernest H O'Boyle Sven Kepes Getting along to get ahead: The role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.
description	Tournament theory posits that some organizations are modeled after sports tournaments whereby individuals are incentivized to compete and win against other members of the organization. A persistent criticism of tournament theory is that rank-order success of employees is entirely dependent on non-interacting or at least non-cooperating entities. To address what part, if any, cooperation plays in competitive tournaments, this study examines the role of social networks in tournament-style promotion and reward systems. Specifically, we seek to identify the importance of social relationships, such as group dissimilarity, initial tie formation, and tie strength in predicting tournament success. Bringing two largely independent research streams together (one focused on cooperation and one framed around competition), we examine how individuals' performance interacts with their social relationships-their social networks-to influence their chances of winning a tournament. Using the Survivor television series, we analyze the behaviors of 535 interacting contestants across 30 tournaments. In general, the findings help to illustrate how performance and social networks predict tournament advancement. Interestingly, we find that group dissimilarity based on gender, race, and age, largely does not play a role in advancement in the tournaments. Further, the strength of ties fails to mediate between variables such as group dissimilarity and initial tie formation. We conclude by discussing future directions for theoretical and practical exploration of tournament-style promotion systems. Recommendations include continuing to explore and test the role of social dynamics in compensation and promotion systems.
format	article
author	George C Banks Christopher E Whelpley Eean R Crawford Ernest H O'Boyle Sven Kepes
author_facet	George C Banks Christopher E Whelpley Eean R Crawford Ernest H O'Boyle Sven Kepes
author_sort	George C Banks
title	Getting along to get ahead: The role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.
title_short	Getting along to get ahead: The role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.
title_full	Getting along to get ahead: The role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.
title_fullStr	Getting along to get ahead: The role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.
title_full_unstemmed	Getting along to get ahead: The role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.
title_sort	getting along to get ahead: the role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/70c1fe563e594e1b84c67781624b30a5
work_keys_str_mv	AT georgecbanks gettingalongtogetaheadtheroleofsocialcontextintournamentpromotionandrewardsystems AT christopherewhelpley gettingalongtogetaheadtheroleofsocialcontextintournamentpromotionandrewardsystems AT eeanrcrawford gettingalongtogetaheadtheroleofsocialcontextintournamentpromotionandrewardsystems AT ernesthoboyle gettingalongtogetaheadtheroleofsocialcontextintournamentpromotionandrewardsystems AT svenkepes gettingalongtogetaheadtheroleofsocialcontextintournamentpromotionandrewardsystems
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Getting along to get ahead: The role of social context in tournament promotion and reward systems.

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