Fearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.

Fear can have strong ecosystem effects by giving predators a role disproportionate to their actual kill rates. In bees, fear is shown through foragers avoiding dangerous food sites, thereby reducing the fitness of pollinated plants. However, it remains unclear how fear affects pollinators in a compl...

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Autores principales:	Ken Tan, Zongwen Hu, Weiwen Chen, Zhengwei Wang, Yuchong Wang, James C Nieh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70cdd7a5e63a4790890bc8538d286957
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70cdd7a5e63a4790890bc8538d2869572021-11-18T08:53:14ZFearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0075841https://doaj.org/article/70cdd7a5e63a4790890bc8538d2869572013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24098734/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Fear can have strong ecosystem effects by giving predators a role disproportionate to their actual kill rates. In bees, fear is shown through foragers avoiding dangerous food sites, thereby reducing the fitness of pollinated plants. However, it remains unclear how fear affects pollinators in a complex natural scenario involving multiple predator species and different patch qualities. We studied hornets, Vespa velutina (smaller) and V. tropica (bigger) preying upon the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana in China. Hornets hunted bees on flowers and were attacked by bee colonies. Bees treated the bigger hornet species (which is 4 fold more massive) as more dangerous. It received 4.5 fold more attackers than the smaller hornet species. We tested bee responses to a three-feeder array with different hornet species and varying resource qualities. When all feeders offered 30% sucrose solution (w/w), colony foraging allocation, individual visits, and individual patch residence times were reduced according to the degree of danger. Predator presence reduced foraging visits by 55-79% and residence times by 17-33%. When feeders offered different reward levels (15%, 30%, or 45% sucrose), colony and individual foraging favored higher sugar concentrations. However, when balancing food quality against multiple threats (sweeter food corresponding to higher danger), colonies exhibited greater fear than individuals. Colonies decreased foraging at low and high danger patches. Individuals exhibited less fear and only decreased visits to the high danger patch. Contrasting individual with emergent colony-level effects of fear can thus illuminate how predators shape pollination by social bees.Ken TanZongwen HuWeiwen ChenZhengwei WangYuchong WangJames C NiehPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e75841 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ken Tan Zongwen Hu Weiwen Chen Zhengwei Wang Yuchong Wang James C Nieh Fearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.
description	Fear can have strong ecosystem effects by giving predators a role disproportionate to their actual kill rates. In bees, fear is shown through foragers avoiding dangerous food sites, thereby reducing the fitness of pollinated plants. However, it remains unclear how fear affects pollinators in a complex natural scenario involving multiple predator species and different patch qualities. We studied hornets, Vespa velutina (smaller) and V. tropica (bigger) preying upon the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana in China. Hornets hunted bees on flowers and were attacked by bee colonies. Bees treated the bigger hornet species (which is 4 fold more massive) as more dangerous. It received 4.5 fold more attackers than the smaller hornet species. We tested bee responses to a three-feeder array with different hornet species and varying resource qualities. When all feeders offered 30% sucrose solution (w/w), colony foraging allocation, individual visits, and individual patch residence times were reduced according to the degree of danger. Predator presence reduced foraging visits by 55-79% and residence times by 17-33%. When feeders offered different reward levels (15%, 30%, or 45% sucrose), colony and individual foraging favored higher sugar concentrations. However, when balancing food quality against multiple threats (sweeter food corresponding to higher danger), colonies exhibited greater fear than individuals. Colonies decreased foraging at low and high danger patches. Individuals exhibited less fear and only decreased visits to the high danger patch. Contrasting individual with emergent colony-level effects of fear can thus illuminate how predators shape pollination by social bees.
format	article
author	Ken Tan Zongwen Hu Weiwen Chen Zhengwei Wang Yuchong Wang James C Nieh
author_facet	Ken Tan Zongwen Hu Weiwen Chen Zhengwei Wang Yuchong Wang James C Nieh
author_sort	Ken Tan
title	Fearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.
title_short	Fearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.
title_full	Fearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.
title_fullStr	Fearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.
title_full_unstemmed	Fearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.
title_sort	fearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/70cdd7a5e63a4790890bc8538d286957
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Fearful foragers: honey bees tune colony and individual foraging to multi-predator presence and food quality.

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