Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.
<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.<h4>Methods</h4>This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:70db156e1bdd441d90751374df9889e42021-12-02T20:07:48ZLoneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0259012https://doaj.org/article/70db156e1bdd441d90751374df9889e42021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259012https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.<h4>Methods</h4>This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults in February 2020. Outcome measurements included the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-2), and two items from the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale. COVID-19 related factors, physical health, lifestyle, and self-efficacy were also measured. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed.<h4>Results</h4>This study included 1456 participants (age: 33.8±10.5 years; female: 59.1%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and PTSD symptoms were 11.3%, 7.6%, 38.7%, and 33.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, loneliness was associated with being single, separated/divorced/widowed, low level of education, current location, medication, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and going out frequently. Depression was associated with fear of infection, binge drinking, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and longer screen time. Anxiety was associated with more somatic symptoms and lower self-efficacy. PTSD symptoms were associated with more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, higher perceived risk of infection, fear of infection, and self-rated more negative influence due to the epidemic (p<0.05).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Mental health problems during the COVID-19 epidemic were associated with various biopsychosocial and COVID-19 related factors. Psychological interventions should be aware of these influencing factors and prioritize support for those people at higher risk.Zijun XuDexing ZhangDong XuXue LiYao Jie XieWen SunEric Kam-Pui LeeBenjamin Hon-Kei YipShuiyuan XiaoSamuel Yueng-Shan WongPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0259012 (2021) |
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Medicine R Science Q Zijun Xu Dexing Zhang Dong Xu Xue Li Yao Jie Xie Wen Sun Eric Kam-Pui Lee Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip Shuiyuan Xiao Samuel Yueng-Shan Wong Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey. |
description |
<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.<h4>Methods</h4>This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults in February 2020. Outcome measurements included the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-2), and two items from the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale. COVID-19 related factors, physical health, lifestyle, and self-efficacy were also measured. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed.<h4>Results</h4>This study included 1456 participants (age: 33.8±10.5 years; female: 59.1%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and PTSD symptoms were 11.3%, 7.6%, 38.7%, and 33.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, loneliness was associated with being single, separated/divorced/widowed, low level of education, current location, medication, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and going out frequently. Depression was associated with fear of infection, binge drinking, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and longer screen time. Anxiety was associated with more somatic symptoms and lower self-efficacy. PTSD symptoms were associated with more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, higher perceived risk of infection, fear of infection, and self-rated more negative influence due to the epidemic (p<0.05).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Mental health problems during the COVID-19 epidemic were associated with various biopsychosocial and COVID-19 related factors. Psychological interventions should be aware of these influencing factors and prioritize support for those people at higher risk. |
format |
article |
author |
Zijun Xu Dexing Zhang Dong Xu Xue Li Yao Jie Xie Wen Sun Eric Kam-Pui Lee Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip Shuiyuan Xiao Samuel Yueng-Shan Wong |
author_facet |
Zijun Xu Dexing Zhang Dong Xu Xue Li Yao Jie Xie Wen Sun Eric Kam-Pui Lee Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip Shuiyuan Xiao Samuel Yueng-Shan Wong |
author_sort |
Zijun Xu |
title |
Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey. |
title_short |
Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey. |
title_full |
Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey. |
title_fullStr |
Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey. |
title_sort |
loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among chinese adults during covid-19: a cross-sectional online survey. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/70db156e1bdd441d90751374df9889e4 |
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