Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.

<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.<h4>Methods</h4>This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults...

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Autores principales: Zijun Xu, Dexing Zhang, Dong Xu, Xue Li, Yao Jie Xie, Wen Sun, Eric Kam-Pui Lee, Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip, Shuiyuan Xiao, Samuel Yueng-Shan Wong
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:70db156e1bdd441d90751374df9889e42021-12-02T20:07:48ZLoneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0259012https://doaj.org/article/70db156e1bdd441d90751374df9889e42021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259012https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objectives</h4>This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.<h4>Methods</h4>This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults in February 2020. Outcome measurements included the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-2), and two items from the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale. COVID-19 related factors, physical health, lifestyle, and self-efficacy were also measured. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed.<h4>Results</h4>This study included 1456 participants (age: 33.8±10.5 years; female: 59.1%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and PTSD symptoms were 11.3%, 7.6%, 38.7%, and 33.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, loneliness was associated with being single, separated/divorced/widowed, low level of education, current location, medication, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and going out frequently. Depression was associated with fear of infection, binge drinking, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and longer screen time. Anxiety was associated with more somatic symptoms and lower self-efficacy. PTSD symptoms were associated with more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, higher perceived risk of infection, fear of infection, and self-rated more negative influence due to the epidemic (p<0.05).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Mental health problems during the COVID-19 epidemic were associated with various biopsychosocial and COVID-19 related factors. Psychological interventions should be aware of these influencing factors and prioritize support for those people at higher risk.Zijun XuDexing ZhangDong XuXue LiYao Jie XieWen SunEric Kam-Pui LeeBenjamin Hon-Kei YipShuiyuan XiaoSamuel Yueng-Shan WongPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0259012 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Zijun Xu
Dexing Zhang
Dong Xu
Xue Li
Yao Jie Xie
Wen Sun
Eric Kam-Pui Lee
Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip
Shuiyuan Xiao
Samuel Yueng-Shan Wong
Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.
description <h4>Objectives</h4>This study aims to investigate the potential factors associated with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.<h4>Methods</h4>This is an online cross-sectional survey conducted among Chinese adults in February 2020. Outcome measurements included the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-2), and two items from the Clinician-Administered Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale. COVID-19 related factors, physical health, lifestyle, and self-efficacy were also measured. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed.<h4>Results</h4>This study included 1456 participants (age: 33.8±10.5 years; female: 59.1%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and PTSD symptoms were 11.3%, 7.6%, 38.7%, and 33.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, loneliness was associated with being single, separated/divorced/widowed, low level of education, current location, medication, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and going out frequently. Depression was associated with fear of infection, binge drinking, more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and longer screen time. Anxiety was associated with more somatic symptoms and lower self-efficacy. PTSD symptoms were associated with more somatic symptoms, lower self-efficacy, higher perceived risk of infection, fear of infection, and self-rated more negative influence due to the epidemic (p<0.05).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Mental health problems during the COVID-19 epidemic were associated with various biopsychosocial and COVID-19 related factors. Psychological interventions should be aware of these influencing factors and prioritize support for those people at higher risk.
format article
author Zijun Xu
Dexing Zhang
Dong Xu
Xue Li
Yao Jie Xie
Wen Sun
Eric Kam-Pui Lee
Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip
Shuiyuan Xiao
Samuel Yueng-Shan Wong
author_facet Zijun Xu
Dexing Zhang
Dong Xu
Xue Li
Yao Jie Xie
Wen Sun
Eric Kam-Pui Lee
Benjamin Hon-Kei Yip
Shuiyuan Xiao
Samuel Yueng-Shan Wong
author_sort Zijun Xu
title Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.
title_short Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.
title_full Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.
title_fullStr Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.
title_full_unstemmed Loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese adults during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey.
title_sort loneliness, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among chinese adults during covid-19: a cross-sectional online survey.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/70db156e1bdd441d90751374df9889e4
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