An integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb and Zn) in topsoil

Abstract In this study, statistical analysis and spatial distribution were performed to compare raw data and centred log-ratio (clr) transformed data of three copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentration for 550 surface soil samples in Khuzestan plain. The re...

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Autores principales:	Azadeh Vaziri, Ahad Nazarpour, Navid Ghanavati, Teimor Babainejad, Michael J. Watts
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70e7aee40dec4fceba6770775620fef3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70e7aee40dec4fceba6770775620fef32021-12-02T14:37:21ZAn integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb and Zn) in topsoil10.1038/s41598-021-86937-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/70e7aee40dec4fceba6770775620fef32021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86937-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In this study, statistical analysis and spatial distribution were performed to compare raw data and centred log-ratio (clr) transformed data of three copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentration for 550 surface soil samples in Khuzestan plain. The results of both approaches showed that classical univariate analysis and compositional data analysis are essential to find the real structure of data and clarify its different aspects. Results also indicated that spatial distributions of raw data and clr-transformed data were completely different in three studied metals. Raw data necessarily shows the effects of anthropogenic activities and needs an additional evaluation of human health risk assessment for these three studied elements. Data obtained from clr-coefficient maps also demonstrated the role of geological processes in the distribution pattern of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). To improve the understanding of the implications for PTE pollution and consequences for human health, a RGB colour composite map was produce to identify the potential origin of PTEs from areas with higher than typical baseline concentrations.Azadeh VaziriAhad NazarpourNavid GhanavatiTeimor BabainejadMichael J. WattsNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Azadeh Vaziri Ahad Nazarpour Navid Ghanavati Teimor Babainejad Michael J. Watts An integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb and Zn) in topsoil
description	Abstract In this study, statistical analysis and spatial distribution were performed to compare raw data and centred log-ratio (clr) transformed data of three copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentration for 550 surface soil samples in Khuzestan plain. The results of both approaches showed that classical univariate analysis and compositional data analysis are essential to find the real structure of data and clarify its different aspects. Results also indicated that spatial distributions of raw data and clr-transformed data were completely different in three studied metals. Raw data necessarily shows the effects of anthropogenic activities and needs an additional evaluation of human health risk assessment for these three studied elements. Data obtained from clr-coefficient maps also demonstrated the role of geological processes in the distribution pattern of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). To improve the understanding of the implications for PTE pollution and consequences for human health, a RGB colour composite map was produce to identify the potential origin of PTEs from areas with higher than typical baseline concentrations.
format	article
author	Azadeh Vaziri Ahad Nazarpour Navid Ghanavati Teimor Babainejad Michael J. Watts
author_facet	Azadeh Vaziri Ahad Nazarpour Navid Ghanavati Teimor Babainejad Michael J. Watts
author_sort	Azadeh Vaziri
title	An integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb and Zn) in topsoil
title_short	An integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb and Zn) in topsoil
title_full	An integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb and Zn) in topsoil
title_fullStr	An integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb and Zn) in topsoil
title_full_unstemmed	An integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb and Zn) in topsoil
title_sort	integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (cu, pb and zn) in topsoil
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/70e7aee40dec4fceba6770775620fef3
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An integrated approach for spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb and Zn) in topsoil

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