Buckling Transitions and Clock Order of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals

Crystals of repulsively interacting ions in planar traps form hexagonal lattices, which undergo a buckling instability towards a multilayer structure as the transverse trap frequency is reduced. Numerical and experimental results indicate that the new structure is composed of three planes, whose sep...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Podolsky, Efrat Shimshoni, Giovanna Morigi, Shmuel Fishman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2016
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/70fd7ae1b98844bd95cb82d4bea58e3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:70fd7ae1b98844bd95cb82d4bea58e3b2021-12-02T11:31:01ZBuckling Transitions and Clock Order of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals10.1103/PhysRevX.6.0310252160-3308https://doaj.org/article/70fd7ae1b98844bd95cb82d4bea58e3b2016-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031025http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031025https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308Crystals of repulsively interacting ions in planar traps form hexagonal lattices, which undergo a buckling instability towards a multilayer structure as the transverse trap frequency is reduced. Numerical and experimental results indicate that the new structure is composed of three planes, whose separation increases continuously from zero. We study the effects of thermal and quantum fluctuations by mapping this structural instability to the six-state clock model. A prominent implication of this mapping is that at finite temperature, fluctuations split the buckling instability into two thermal transitions, accompanied by the appearance of an intermediate critical phase. This phase is characterized by quasi-long-range order in the spatial tripartite pattern. It is manifested by broadened Bragg peaks at new wave vectors, whose line shape provides a direct measurement of the temperature-dependent exponent η(T) characteristic of the power-law correlations in the critical phase. A quantum phase transition is found at the largest value of the critical transverse frequency: Here, the critical intermediate phase shrinks to zero. Moreover, within the ordered phase, we predict a crossover from classical to quantum behavior, signifying the emergence of an additional characteristic scale for clock order. We discuss experimental realizations with trapped ions and polarized dipolar gases, and propose that within accessible technology, such experiments can provide a direct probe of the rich phase diagram of the quantum clock model, not easily observable in condensed matter analogues. Therefore, this work highlights the potential for ionic and dipolar systems to serve as simulators for complex models in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.Daniel PodolskyEfrat ShimshoniGiovanna MorigiShmuel FishmanAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 6, Iss 3, p 031025 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Daniel Podolsky Efrat Shimshoni Giovanna Morigi Shmuel Fishman Buckling Transitions and Clock Order of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals
description	Crystals of repulsively interacting ions in planar traps form hexagonal lattices, which undergo a buckling instability towards a multilayer structure as the transverse trap frequency is reduced. Numerical and experimental results indicate that the new structure is composed of three planes, whose separation increases continuously from zero. We study the effects of thermal and quantum fluctuations by mapping this structural instability to the six-state clock model. A prominent implication of this mapping is that at finite temperature, fluctuations split the buckling instability into two thermal transitions, accompanied by the appearance of an intermediate critical phase. This phase is characterized by quasi-long-range order in the spatial tripartite pattern. It is manifested by broadened Bragg peaks at new wave vectors, whose line shape provides a direct measurement of the temperature-dependent exponent η(T) characteristic of the power-law correlations in the critical phase. A quantum phase transition is found at the largest value of the critical transverse frequency: Here, the critical intermediate phase shrinks to zero. Moreover, within the ordered phase, we predict a crossover from classical to quantum behavior, signifying the emergence of an additional characteristic scale for clock order. We discuss experimental realizations with trapped ions and polarized dipolar gases, and propose that within accessible technology, such experiments can provide a direct probe of the rich phase diagram of the quantum clock model, not easily observable in condensed matter analogues. Therefore, this work highlights the potential for ionic and dipolar systems to serve as simulators for complex models in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.
format	article
author	Daniel Podolsky Efrat Shimshoni Giovanna Morigi Shmuel Fishman
author_facet	Daniel Podolsky Efrat Shimshoni Giovanna Morigi Shmuel Fishman
author_sort	Daniel Podolsky
title	Buckling Transitions and Clock Order of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals
title_short	Buckling Transitions and Clock Order of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals
title_full	Buckling Transitions and Clock Order of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals
title_fullStr	Buckling Transitions and Clock Order of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals
title_full_unstemmed	Buckling Transitions and Clock Order of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals
title_sort	buckling transitions and clock order of two-dimensional coulomb crystals
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/70fd7ae1b98844bd95cb82d4bea58e3b
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielpodolsky bucklingtransitionsandclockorderoftwodimensionalcoulombcrystals AT efratshimshoni bucklingtransitionsandclockorderoftwodimensionalcoulombcrystals AT giovannamorigi bucklingtransitionsandclockorderoftwodimensionalcoulombcrystals AT shmuelfishman bucklingtransitionsandclockorderoftwodimensionalcoulombcrystals
_version_	1718395884291489792

Buckling Transitions and Clock Order of Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals

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