HSPF-Based Assessment of Inland Nutrient Source Control Strategies to Reduce Algal Blooms in Streams in Response to Future Climate Changes

The HSPF model was modified to improve the growth-temperature formulation of phytoplankton and used to simulate Chl-a concentrations at the outlet of the Seom River watershed in Korea from 2025 to 2050 under four climate change scenarios: RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5. The mean and median C...

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Autores principales:	Dong Hoon Lee, Pamela Sofia Fabian, Jin Hwi Kim, Joo-Hyon Kang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	climate change chlorophyll a (Chl-a) algal blooms Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF) watershed management Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7109fe8f7ed6451f8b92750a6d638b95
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7109fe8f7ed6451f8b92750a6d638b952021-11-25T19:00:50ZHSPF-Based Assessment of Inland Nutrient Source Control Strategies to Reduce Algal Blooms in Streams in Response to Future Climate Changes10.3390/su1322124132071-1050https://doaj.org/article/7109fe8f7ed6451f8b92750a6d638b952021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12413https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The HSPF model was modified to improve the growth-temperature formulation of phytoplankton and used to simulate Chl-a concentrations at the outlet of the Seom River watershed in Korea from 2025 to 2050 under four climate change scenarios: RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5. The mean and median Chl-a concentrations increased by 5–10% and 23–29%, respectively, and the number of algal outbreak cases per year (defined as a day with Chl-a concentration ≥100 µg/L) decreased by 31–88% relative to the current values (2011–2015). Among the climate change scenarios, RCP 2.6 (stringent) showed the largest number of algal outbreak cases, mainly because of the largest yearly variability of precipitation and TP load. For each climate change scenario, three nutrient load reduction scenarios were in the HSPF simulation, and their efficiencies in reducing algal blooms were determined. Nonpoint source reduction in TP and TN from urban land, agricultural land, and grassland by 50% (S1) and controlling the effluent TP concentration of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to 0.1 mg/L (S2) decreased algal outbreaks by 20–58% and 44–100%, respectively. The combination of effluent TP control of WWTPs during summer and S1 was the most effective management scenario; it could almost completely prevent algal outbreaks. This study demonstrates the cost effectiveness of using a season-based pollutant management strategy for controlling algal blooms.Dong Hoon LeePamela Sofia FabianJin Hwi KimJoo-Hyon KangMDPI AGarticleclimate changechlorophyll a (Chl-a)algal bloomsHydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF)watershed managementEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12413, p 12413 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate change chlorophyll a (Chl-a) algal blooms Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF) watershed management Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	climate change chlorophyll a (Chl-a) algal blooms Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF) watershed management Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Dong Hoon Lee Pamela Sofia Fabian Jin Hwi Kim Joo-Hyon Kang HSPF-Based Assessment of Inland Nutrient Source Control Strategies to Reduce Algal Blooms in Streams in Response to Future Climate Changes
description	The HSPF model was modified to improve the growth-temperature formulation of phytoplankton and used to simulate Chl-a concentrations at the outlet of the Seom River watershed in Korea from 2025 to 2050 under four climate change scenarios: RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5. The mean and median Chl-a concentrations increased by 5–10% and 23–29%, respectively, and the number of algal outbreak cases per year (defined as a day with Chl-a concentration ≥100 µg/L) decreased by 31–88% relative to the current values (2011–2015). Among the climate change scenarios, RCP 2.6 (stringent) showed the largest number of algal outbreak cases, mainly because of the largest yearly variability of precipitation and TP load. For each climate change scenario, three nutrient load reduction scenarios were in the HSPF simulation, and their efficiencies in reducing algal blooms were determined. Nonpoint source reduction in TP and TN from urban land, agricultural land, and grassland by 50% (S1) and controlling the effluent TP concentration of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to 0.1 mg/L (S2) decreased algal outbreaks by 20–58% and 44–100%, respectively. The combination of effluent TP control of WWTPs during summer and S1 was the most effective management scenario; it could almost completely prevent algal outbreaks. This study demonstrates the cost effectiveness of using a season-based pollutant management strategy for controlling algal blooms.
format	article
author	Dong Hoon Lee Pamela Sofia Fabian Jin Hwi Kim Joo-Hyon Kang
author_facet	Dong Hoon Lee Pamela Sofia Fabian Jin Hwi Kim Joo-Hyon Kang
author_sort	Dong Hoon Lee
title	HSPF-Based Assessment of Inland Nutrient Source Control Strategies to Reduce Algal Blooms in Streams in Response to Future Climate Changes
title_short	HSPF-Based Assessment of Inland Nutrient Source Control Strategies to Reduce Algal Blooms in Streams in Response to Future Climate Changes
title_full	HSPF-Based Assessment of Inland Nutrient Source Control Strategies to Reduce Algal Blooms in Streams in Response to Future Climate Changes
title_fullStr	HSPF-Based Assessment of Inland Nutrient Source Control Strategies to Reduce Algal Blooms in Streams in Response to Future Climate Changes
title_full_unstemmed	HSPF-Based Assessment of Inland Nutrient Source Control Strategies to Reduce Algal Blooms in Streams in Response to Future Climate Changes
title_sort	hspf-based assessment of inland nutrient source control strategies to reduce algal blooms in streams in response to future climate changes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7109fe8f7ed6451f8b92750a6d638b95
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HSPF-Based Assessment of Inland Nutrient Source Control Strategies to Reduce Algal Blooms in Streams in Response to Future Climate Changes

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