Dissecting the Supramolecular Dispersion of Fullerenes by Proteins/Peptides: Amino Acid Ranking and Driving Forces for Binding to C<sub>60</sub>

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to quantitatively investigate the interactions between the twenty proteinogenic amino acids and C<sub>60</sub>. The conserved amino acid backbone gave a constant energetic interaction ~5.4 kcal mol<sup>−1</sup>, while the contribution...

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Autores principales: Tainah Dorina Marforio, Alessandro Calza, Edoardo Jun Mattioli, Francesco Zerbetto, Matteo Calvaresi
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Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:71321e2ce50e4d01ac38aa3495d3a7312021-11-11T17:02:58ZDissecting the Supramolecular Dispersion of Fullerenes by Proteins/Peptides: Amino Acid Ranking and Driving Forces for Binding to C<sub>60</sub>10.3390/ijms2221115671422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/71321e2ce50e4d01ac38aa3495d3a7312021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11567https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Molecular dynamics simulations were used to quantitatively investigate the interactions between the twenty proteinogenic amino acids and C<sub>60</sub>. The conserved amino acid backbone gave a constant energetic interaction ~5.4 kcal mol<sup>−1</sup>, while the contribution to the binding due to the amino acid side chains was found to be up to ~5 kcal mol<sup>−1</sup> for tryptophan but lower, to a point where it was slightly destabilizing, for glutamic acid. The effects of the interplay between van der Waals, hydrophobic, and polar solvation interactions on the various aspects of the binding of the amino acids, which were grouped as aromatic, charged, polar and hydrophobic, are discussed. Although π–π interactions were dominant, surfactant-like and hydrophobic effects were also observed. In the molecular dynamics simulations, the interacting residues displayed a tendency to visit configurations (i.e., regions of the Ramachandran plot) that were absent when C<sub>60</sub> was not present. The amino acid backbone assumed a “tepee-like” geometrical structure to maximize interactions with the fullerene cage. Well-defined conformations of the most interactive amino acids (Trp, Arg, Met) side chains were identified upon C<sub>60</sub> binding.Tainah Dorina MarforioAlessandro CalzaEdoardo Jun MattioliFrancesco ZerbettoMatteo CalvaresiMDPI AGarticlefullereneamino acidsproteinspeptidesmolecular dynamics simulationsnanobiotechnologyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11567, p 11567 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic fullerene
amino acids
proteins
peptides
molecular dynamics simulations
nanobiotechnology
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Chemistry
QD1-999
spellingShingle fullerene
amino acids
proteins
peptides
molecular dynamics simulations
nanobiotechnology
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Chemistry
QD1-999
Tainah Dorina Marforio
Alessandro Calza
Edoardo Jun Mattioli
Francesco Zerbetto
Matteo Calvaresi
Dissecting the Supramolecular Dispersion of Fullerenes by Proteins/Peptides: Amino Acid Ranking and Driving Forces for Binding to C<sub>60</sub>
description Molecular dynamics simulations were used to quantitatively investigate the interactions between the twenty proteinogenic amino acids and C<sub>60</sub>. The conserved amino acid backbone gave a constant energetic interaction ~5.4 kcal mol<sup>−1</sup>, while the contribution to the binding due to the amino acid side chains was found to be up to ~5 kcal mol<sup>−1</sup> for tryptophan but lower, to a point where it was slightly destabilizing, for glutamic acid. The effects of the interplay between van der Waals, hydrophobic, and polar solvation interactions on the various aspects of the binding of the amino acids, which were grouped as aromatic, charged, polar and hydrophobic, are discussed. Although π–π interactions were dominant, surfactant-like and hydrophobic effects were also observed. In the molecular dynamics simulations, the interacting residues displayed a tendency to visit configurations (i.e., regions of the Ramachandran plot) that were absent when C<sub>60</sub> was not present. The amino acid backbone assumed a “tepee-like” geometrical structure to maximize interactions with the fullerene cage. Well-defined conformations of the most interactive amino acids (Trp, Arg, Met) side chains were identified upon C<sub>60</sub> binding.
format article
author Tainah Dorina Marforio
Alessandro Calza
Edoardo Jun Mattioli
Francesco Zerbetto
Matteo Calvaresi
author_facet Tainah Dorina Marforio
Alessandro Calza
Edoardo Jun Mattioli
Francesco Zerbetto
Matteo Calvaresi
author_sort Tainah Dorina Marforio
title Dissecting the Supramolecular Dispersion of Fullerenes by Proteins/Peptides: Amino Acid Ranking and Driving Forces for Binding to C<sub>60</sub>
title_short Dissecting the Supramolecular Dispersion of Fullerenes by Proteins/Peptides: Amino Acid Ranking and Driving Forces for Binding to C<sub>60</sub>
title_full Dissecting the Supramolecular Dispersion of Fullerenes by Proteins/Peptides: Amino Acid Ranking and Driving Forces for Binding to C<sub>60</sub>
title_fullStr Dissecting the Supramolecular Dispersion of Fullerenes by Proteins/Peptides: Amino Acid Ranking and Driving Forces for Binding to C<sub>60</sub>
title_full_unstemmed Dissecting the Supramolecular Dispersion of Fullerenes by Proteins/Peptides: Amino Acid Ranking and Driving Forces for Binding to C<sub>60</sub>
title_sort dissecting the supramolecular dispersion of fullerenes by proteins/peptides: amino acid ranking and driving forces for binding to c<sub>60</sub>
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/71321e2ce50e4d01ac38aa3495d3a731
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