Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem

Abstract Brain–heart synchronization is fundamental for emotional-well-being and brain–heart desynchronization is characteristic for anxiety disorders including specific phobias. Recording BOLD signals with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important noninvasive diagnostic tool; how...

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Autores principales:	Gert Pfurtscheller, Katarzyna J. Blinowska, Maciej Kaminski, Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger, Beate Rassler, Gerhard Schwarz, Wolfgang Klimesch
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/71334364e20e44869c90cddde4724d14
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:71334364e20e44869c90cddde4724d142021-11-21T12:24:55ZProcessing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem10.1038/s41598-021-01710-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/71334364e20e44869c90cddde4724d142021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01710-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Brain–heart synchronization is fundamental for emotional-well-being and brain–heart desynchronization is characteristic for anxiety disorders including specific phobias. Recording BOLD signals with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important noninvasive diagnostic tool; however, 1–2% of fMRI examinations have to be aborted due to claustrophobia. In the present study, we investigated the information flow between regions of interest (ROI’s) in the cortex and brain stem by using a frequency band close to 0.1 Hz. Causal coupling between signals important in brain–heart interaction (cardiac intervals, respiration, and BOLD signals) was studied by means of Directed Transfer Function based on the Granger causality principle. Compared were initial resting states with elevated anxiety and final resting states with low or no anxiety in a group of fMRI-naïve young subjects. During initial high anxiety the results showed an increased information flow from the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) to the pre-central gyrus (PCG) and to the brainstem. There also was an increased flow from the brainstem to the PCG. While the top-down flow during increased anxiety was predominant, the weaker ascending flow from brainstem structures may characterize a rhythmic pacemaker-like activity that (at least in part) drives respiration. We assume that these changes in information flow reflect successful anxiety processing.Gert PfurtschellerKatarzyna J. BlinowskaMaciej KaminskiAndreas R. SchwerdtfegerBeate RasslerGerhard SchwarzWolfgang KlimeschNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gert Pfurtscheller Katarzyna J. Blinowska Maciej Kaminski Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger Beate Rassler Gerhard Schwarz Wolfgang Klimesch Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem
description	Abstract Brain–heart synchronization is fundamental for emotional-well-being and brain–heart desynchronization is characteristic for anxiety disorders including specific phobias. Recording BOLD signals with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important noninvasive diagnostic tool; however, 1–2% of fMRI examinations have to be aborted due to claustrophobia. In the present study, we investigated the information flow between regions of interest (ROI’s) in the cortex and brain stem by using a frequency band close to 0.1 Hz. Causal coupling between signals important in brain–heart interaction (cardiac intervals, respiration, and BOLD signals) was studied by means of Directed Transfer Function based on the Granger causality principle. Compared were initial resting states with elevated anxiety and final resting states with low or no anxiety in a group of fMRI-naïve young subjects. During initial high anxiety the results showed an increased information flow from the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) to the pre-central gyrus (PCG) and to the brainstem. There also was an increased flow from the brainstem to the PCG. While the top-down flow during increased anxiety was predominant, the weaker ascending flow from brainstem structures may characterize a rhythmic pacemaker-like activity that (at least in part) drives respiration. We assume that these changes in information flow reflect successful anxiety processing.
format	article
author	Gert Pfurtscheller Katarzyna J. Blinowska Maciej Kaminski Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger Beate Rassler Gerhard Schwarz Wolfgang Klimesch
author_facet	Gert Pfurtscheller Katarzyna J. Blinowska Maciej Kaminski Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger Beate Rassler Gerhard Schwarz Wolfgang Klimesch
author_sort	Gert Pfurtscheller
title	Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem
title_short	Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem
title_full	Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem
title_fullStr	Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem
title_full_unstemmed	Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem
title_sort	processing of fmri-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/71334364e20e44869c90cddde4724d14
work_keys_str_mv	AT gertpfurtscheller processingoffmrirelatedanxietyandbidirectionalinformationflowbetweenprefrontalcortexandbrainstem AT katarzynajblinowska processingoffmrirelatedanxietyandbidirectionalinformationflowbetweenprefrontalcortexandbrainstem AT maciejkaminski processingoffmrirelatedanxietyandbidirectionalinformationflowbetweenprefrontalcortexandbrainstem AT andreasrschwerdtfeger processingoffmrirelatedanxietyandbidirectionalinformationflowbetweenprefrontalcortexandbrainstem AT beaterassler processingoffmrirelatedanxietyandbidirectionalinformationflowbetweenprefrontalcortexandbrainstem AT gerhardschwarz processingoffmrirelatedanxietyandbidirectionalinformationflowbetweenprefrontalcortexandbrainstem AT wolfgangklimesch processingoffmrirelatedanxietyandbidirectionalinformationflowbetweenprefrontalcortexandbrainstem
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Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem

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