Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems
Evidence has accumulated that exposure to widespread environmental toxicants, such as heavy metals, <a title="Learn more about Persistent Organic Pollutant" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/persistent-organic-pollutant">persistent organic po...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Ubiquity Press
2016
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/714a2f7328f841bdb004c52a1ed2f487 |
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| Sumario: | Evidence has accumulated that exposure to widespread environmental toxicants, such as heavy metals, <a title="Learn more about Persistent Organic Pollutant" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/persistent-organic-pollutant">persistent organic pollutants</a>, and tobacco smoke adversely affect fetal development and organ maturation, even after birth. The developing immune and respiratory systems are more sensitive to environmental toxicants due to their long-term physical development, starting from the early embryonic stage and persisting into early postnatal life, which requires complex signaling pathways that control proliferation and differentiation of highly heterogeneous cell types. In this review, we summarize the effect of early-life exposure to several widespread environmental toxicants on immune and lung development before and after birth, including the effects on immune cell counts, baseline characteristics of <a title="Learn more about Cell-mediated Immunity" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cell-mediated-immunity">cell-mediated and humoral immunity</a>, and alteration of lung structure and function in offspring. We also review evidence supporting the association between early-life exposure to environmental toxicants and risk for immune-related diseases and lung dysfunction in offspring in later life. |
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