Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems

Evidence has accumulated that exposure to widespread environmental toxicants, such as heavy metals, <a title="Learn more about Persistent Organic Pollutant" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/persistent-organic-pollutant">persistent organic po...

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Autores principales:	Junjun Cao, Xijin Xu, Machteld N. Hylkema, Eddy Y. Zeng, Peter D. Sly, William A. Suk, Åke Bergman, Xia Huo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2016
Materias:	early-life exposure heavy metals tobacco smoke persistent organic pollutants immune development lung Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/714a2f7328f841bdb004c52a1ed2f487
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:714a2f7328f841bdb004c52a1ed2f487
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:714a2f7328f841bdb004c52a1ed2f4872021-12-02T03:52:56ZEarly-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems2214-999610.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.023https://doaj.org/article/714a2f7328f841bdb004c52a1ed2f4872016-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/1170https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Evidence has accumulated that exposure to widespread environmental toxicants, such as heavy metals, <a title="Learn more about Persistent Organic Pollutant" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/persistent-organic-pollutant">persistent organic pollutants</a>, and tobacco smoke adversely affect fetal development and organ maturation, even after birth. The developing immune and respiratory systems are more sensitive to environmental toxicants due to their long-term physical development, starting from the early embryonic stage and persisting into early postnatal life, which requires complex signaling pathways that control proliferation and differentiation of highly heterogeneous cell types. In this review, we summarize the effect of early-life exposure to several widespread environmental toxicants on immune and lung development before and after birth, including the effects on immune cell counts, baseline characteristics of <a title="Learn more about Cell-mediated Immunity" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cell-mediated-immunity">cell-mediated and humoral immunity</a>, and alteration of lung structure and function in offspring. We also review evidence supporting the association between early-life exposure to environmental toxicants and risk for immune-related diseases and lung dysfunction in offspring in later life.Junjun CaoXijin XuMachteld N. HylkemaEddy Y. ZengPeter D. SlyWilliam A. SukÅke BergmanXia HuoUbiquity Pressarticleearly-life exposureheavy metalstobacco smokepersistent organic pollutantsimmune developmentlungInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 82, Iss 1, Pp 119-131 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	early-life exposure heavy metals tobacco smoke persistent organic pollutants immune development lung Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	early-life exposure heavy metals tobacco smoke persistent organic pollutants immune development lung Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Junjun Cao Xijin Xu Machteld N. Hylkema Eddy Y. Zeng Peter D. Sly William A. Suk Åke Bergman Xia Huo Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems
description	Evidence has accumulated that exposure to widespread environmental toxicants, such as heavy metals, <a title="Learn more about Persistent Organic Pollutant" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/persistent-organic-pollutant">persistent organic pollutants</a>, and tobacco smoke adversely affect fetal development and organ maturation, even after birth. The developing immune and respiratory systems are more sensitive to environmental toxicants due to their long-term physical development, starting from the early embryonic stage and persisting into early postnatal life, which requires complex signaling pathways that control proliferation and differentiation of highly heterogeneous cell types. In this review, we summarize the effect of early-life exposure to several widespread environmental toxicants on immune and lung development before and after birth, including the effects on immune cell counts, baseline characteristics of <a title="Learn more about Cell-mediated Immunity" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cell-mediated-immunity">cell-mediated and humoral immunity</a>, and alteration of lung structure and function in offspring. We also review evidence supporting the association between early-life exposure to environmental toxicants and risk for immune-related diseases and lung dysfunction in offspring in later life.
format	article
author	Junjun Cao Xijin Xu Machteld N. Hylkema Eddy Y. Zeng Peter D. Sly William A. Suk Åke Bergman Xia Huo
author_facet	Junjun Cao Xijin Xu Machteld N. Hylkema Eddy Y. Zeng Peter D. Sly William A. Suk Åke Bergman Xia Huo
author_sort	Junjun Cao
title	Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems
title_short	Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems
title_full	Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems
title_fullStr	Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems
title_sort	early-life exposure to widespread environmental toxicants and health risk: a focus on the immune and respiratory systems
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/714a2f7328f841bdb004c52a1ed2f487
work_keys_str_mv	AT junjuncao earlylifeexposuretowidespreadenvironmentaltoxicantsandhealthriskafocusontheimmuneandrespiratorysystems AT xijinxu earlylifeexposuretowidespreadenvironmentaltoxicantsandhealthriskafocusontheimmuneandrespiratorysystems AT machteldnhylkema earlylifeexposuretowidespreadenvironmentaltoxicantsandhealthriskafocusontheimmuneandrespiratorysystems AT eddyyzeng earlylifeexposuretowidespreadenvironmentaltoxicantsandhealthriskafocusontheimmuneandrespiratorysystems AT peterdsly earlylifeexposuretowidespreadenvironmentaltoxicantsandhealthriskafocusontheimmuneandrespiratorysystems AT williamasuk earlylifeexposuretowidespreadenvironmentaltoxicantsandhealthriskafocusontheimmuneandrespiratorysystems AT akebergman earlylifeexposuretowidespreadenvironmentaltoxicantsandhealthriskafocusontheimmuneandrespiratorysystems AT xiahuo earlylifeexposuretowidespreadenvironmentaltoxicantsandhealthriskafocusontheimmuneandrespiratorysystems
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Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems

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