Phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).

The Ginglymodi is one of the most common, though poorly understood groups of neopterygians, which includes gars, macrosemiiforms, and "semionotiforms." In particular, the phylogenetic relationships between the widely distributed "semionotiforms," and between them and other gingly...

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Autor principal:	Adriana López-Arbarello
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7158807e4c524ec9bf082a6a86de6846
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7158807e4c524ec9bf082a6a86de68462021-11-18T07:12:49ZPhylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0039370https://doaj.org/article/7158807e4c524ec9bf082a6a86de68462012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22808031/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The Ginglymodi is one of the most common, though poorly understood groups of neopterygians, which includes gars, macrosemiiforms, and "semionotiforms." In particular, the phylogenetic relationships between the widely distributed "semionotiforms," and between them and other ginglymodians have been enigmatic. Here, the phylogenetic relationships between eight of the 11 "semionotiform" genera, five genera of living and fossil gars and three macrosemiid genera, are analysed through cladistic analysis, based on 90 morphological characters and 37 taxa, including 7 out-group taxa. The results of the analysis show that the Ginglymodi includes two main lineages: Lepisosteiformes and †Semionotiformes. The genera †Pliodetes, †Araripelepidotes, †Lepidotes, †Scheenstia, and †Isanichthys are lepisosteiforms, and not semionotiforms, as previously thought, and these taxa extend the stratigraphic range of the lineage leading to gars back up to the Early Jurassic. A monophyletic †Lepidotes is restricted to the Early Jurassic species, whereas the strongly tritoral species previously referred to †Lepidotes are referred to †Scheenstia. Other species previously referred to †Lepidotes represent other genera or new taxa. The macrosemiids are well nested within semionotiforms, together with †Semionotidae, here restricted to †Semionotus, and a new family including †Callipurbeckia n. gen. minor (previously referred to †Lepidotes), †Macrosemimimus, †Tlayuamichin, †Paralepidotus, and †Semiolepis. Due to the numerous taxonomic changes needed according to the phylogenetic analysis, this article also includes formal taxonomic definitions and diagnoses for all generic and higher taxa, which are new or modified. The study of Mesozoic ginglymodians led to confirm Patterson's observation that these fishes show morphological affinities with both halecomorphs and teleosts. Therefore, the compilation of large data sets including the Mesozoic ginglymodians and the re-evaluation of several hypotheses of homology are essential to test the hypotheses of the Halecostomi vs. the Holostei, which is one of the major topics in the evolution of Mesozoic vertebrates and the origin of modern fish faunas.Adriana López-ArbarelloPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 7, p e39370 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Adriana López-Arbarello Phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).
description	The Ginglymodi is one of the most common, though poorly understood groups of neopterygians, which includes gars, macrosemiiforms, and "semionotiforms." In particular, the phylogenetic relationships between the widely distributed "semionotiforms," and between them and other ginglymodians have been enigmatic. Here, the phylogenetic relationships between eight of the 11 "semionotiform" genera, five genera of living and fossil gars and three macrosemiid genera, are analysed through cladistic analysis, based on 90 morphological characters and 37 taxa, including 7 out-group taxa. The results of the analysis show that the Ginglymodi includes two main lineages: Lepisosteiformes and †Semionotiformes. The genera †Pliodetes, †Araripelepidotes, †Lepidotes, †Scheenstia, and †Isanichthys are lepisosteiforms, and not semionotiforms, as previously thought, and these taxa extend the stratigraphic range of the lineage leading to gars back up to the Early Jurassic. A monophyletic †Lepidotes is restricted to the Early Jurassic species, whereas the strongly tritoral species previously referred to †Lepidotes are referred to †Scheenstia. Other species previously referred to †Lepidotes represent other genera or new taxa. The macrosemiids are well nested within semionotiforms, together with †Semionotidae, here restricted to †Semionotus, and a new family including †Callipurbeckia n. gen. minor (previously referred to †Lepidotes), †Macrosemimimus, †Tlayuamichin, †Paralepidotus, and †Semiolepis. Due to the numerous taxonomic changes needed according to the phylogenetic analysis, this article also includes formal taxonomic definitions and diagnoses for all generic and higher taxa, which are new or modified. The study of Mesozoic ginglymodians led to confirm Patterson's observation that these fishes show morphological affinities with both halecomorphs and teleosts. Therefore, the compilation of large data sets including the Mesozoic ginglymodians and the re-evaluation of several hypotheses of homology are essential to test the hypotheses of the Halecostomi vs. the Holostei, which is one of the major topics in the evolution of Mesozoic vertebrates and the origin of modern fish faunas.
format	article
author	Adriana López-Arbarello
author_facet	Adriana López-Arbarello
author_sort	Adriana López-Arbarello
title	Phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).
title_short	Phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).
title_full	Phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).
title_fullStr	Phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).
title_full_unstemmed	Phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).
title_sort	phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (actinopterygii: neopterygii).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/7158807e4c524ec9bf082a6a86de6846
work_keys_str_mv	AT adrianalopezarbarello phylogeneticinterrelationshipsofginglymodianfishesactinopterygiineopterygii
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Phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).

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