Pactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts

Abstract Generally, animals extract nutrients from food by degradation using digestive enzymes. Trypsin and chymotrypsin, one of the major digestive enzymes in vertebrates, are pancreatic proenzymes secreted into the intestines. In this investigation, we report the identification of a digestive tele...

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Autores principales:	Mari Kawaguchi, Yohei Okazawa, Aiko Imafuku, Yuko Nakano, Risa Shimizu, Reiji Ishizuka, Tianlong Jiang, Tatsuki Nagasawa, Junya Hiroi, Shigeki Yasumasu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7169f27bf9904798a44802b9a010d61d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7169f27bf9904798a44802b9a010d61d2021-12-02T18:18:06ZPactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts10.1038/s41598-021-86565-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/7169f27bf9904798a44802b9a010d61d2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86565-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Generally, animals extract nutrients from food by degradation using digestive enzymes. Trypsin and chymotrypsin, one of the major digestive enzymes in vertebrates, are pancreatic proenzymes secreted into the intestines. In this investigation, we report the identification of a digestive teleost enzyme, a pancreatic astacin that we termed pactacin. Pactacin, which belongs to the astacin metalloprotease family, emerged during the evolution of teleosts through gene duplication of astacin family enzymes containing six cysteine residues (C6astacin, or C6AST). In this study, we first cloned C6AST genes from pot-bellied seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships using over 100 C6AST genes. Nearly all these genes belong to one of three clades: pactacin, nephrosin, and patristacin. Genes of the pactacin clade were further divided into three subclades. To compare the localization and functions of the three pactacin subclades, we studied pactacin enzymes in pot-bellied seahorse and medaka (Oryzias latipes). In situ hybridization revealed that genes of all three subclades were commonly expressed in the pancreas. Western blot analysis indicated storage of pactacin pro-enzyme form in the pancreas, and conversion to the active forms in the intestine. Finally, we partially purified the pactacin from digestive fluid, and found that pactacin is novel digestive enzyme that is specific in teleosts.Mari KawaguchiYohei OkazawaAiko ImafukuYuko NakanoRisa ShimizuReiji IshizukaTianlong JiangTatsuki NagasawaJunya HiroiShigeki YasumasuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mari Kawaguchi Yohei Okazawa Aiko Imafuku Yuko Nakano Risa Shimizu Reiji Ishizuka Tianlong Jiang Tatsuki Nagasawa Junya Hiroi Shigeki Yasumasu Pactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts
description	Abstract Generally, animals extract nutrients from food by degradation using digestive enzymes. Trypsin and chymotrypsin, one of the major digestive enzymes in vertebrates, are pancreatic proenzymes secreted into the intestines. In this investigation, we report the identification of a digestive teleost enzyme, a pancreatic astacin that we termed pactacin. Pactacin, which belongs to the astacin metalloprotease family, emerged during the evolution of teleosts through gene duplication of astacin family enzymes containing six cysteine residues (C6astacin, or C6AST). In this study, we first cloned C6AST genes from pot-bellied seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships using over 100 C6AST genes. Nearly all these genes belong to one of three clades: pactacin, nephrosin, and patristacin. Genes of the pactacin clade were further divided into three subclades. To compare the localization and functions of the three pactacin subclades, we studied pactacin enzymes in pot-bellied seahorse and medaka (Oryzias latipes). In situ hybridization revealed that genes of all three subclades were commonly expressed in the pancreas. Western blot analysis indicated storage of pactacin pro-enzyme form in the pancreas, and conversion to the active forms in the intestine. Finally, we partially purified the pactacin from digestive fluid, and found that pactacin is novel digestive enzyme that is specific in teleosts.
format	article
author	Mari Kawaguchi Yohei Okazawa Aiko Imafuku Yuko Nakano Risa Shimizu Reiji Ishizuka Tianlong Jiang Tatsuki Nagasawa Junya Hiroi Shigeki Yasumasu
author_facet	Mari Kawaguchi Yohei Okazawa Aiko Imafuku Yuko Nakano Risa Shimizu Reiji Ishizuka Tianlong Jiang Tatsuki Nagasawa Junya Hiroi Shigeki Yasumasu
author_sort	Mari Kawaguchi
title	Pactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts
title_short	Pactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts
title_full	Pactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts
title_fullStr	Pactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts
title_full_unstemmed	Pactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts
title_sort	pactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7169f27bf9904798a44802b9a010d61d
work_keys_str_mv	AT marikawaguchi pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts AT yoheiokazawa pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts AT aikoimafuku pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts AT yukonakano pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts AT risashimizu pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts AT reijiishizuka pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts AT tianlongjiang pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts AT tatsukinagasawa pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts AT junyahiroi pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts AT shigekiyasumasu pactacinisanoveldigestiveenzymeinteleosts
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Pactacin is a novel digestive enzyme in teleosts

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