Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities

Gardeniae fructus is a common neuroprotective medicinal food in China, however the extraction efficiency and mixture activities are rarely mentioned. In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) parameters were optimized by a response surface methodology to extract antioxidants from Gardeniae...

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Autores principales:	Yiling Fan, Xueying Li, Lan Ding, Weiying Zhou, Guangzhi Xu, Yan Wang, Youzuo Zhang, Qinxue Ni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Gardeniae fructus accelerated solvent extraction characteristic compounds antioxidant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory PC12 cell Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/716dc87687574ba3a5ec41884f0006ef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:716dc87687574ba3a5ec41884f0006ef2021-11-25T17:35:50ZAccelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities10.3390/foods101128052304-8158https://doaj.org/article/716dc87687574ba3a5ec41884f0006ef2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2805https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158Gardeniae fructus is a common neuroprotective medicinal food in China, however the extraction efficiency and mixture activities are rarely mentioned. In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) parameters were optimized by a response surface methodology to extract antioxidants from Gardeniae fructus. Neuroprotective activity was evaluated using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and amyloid-β<sub>25–35</sub> peptide-treated PC12 cells. By comparing with three other extract methods (i.e., heated refluxing extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)), it was found that the yield (35.10%), total iridoids (27.69%), total flavonoid (6.12%) content, antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50</sub> on DPPH, 164.46 µg/mL; FRAP value 4703.54 μmol/L), and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory ability (IC<sub>50</sub> 92.58 µg/mL) of ASE extract under the optimal condition (150 °C temperature, 10 min static time, 60% ethanol, 2 extract cycles) were significantly higher than other extract methods. The strongest ability to protect PC12 cells from damage was also present in ASE extract, as evidenced by decreasing lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, elevating superoxide dismutase and glutathioneperoxidase activities. Compositional analysis indicated that the extremely high crocetin level in ASE extract (1.30 μg/mg) may offer great potential. Our results indicated that ASE is a proper extraction method that could offer great potential for finding the neuroprotective ability of Gardeniae fructus for the treatment of AD.Yiling FanXueying LiLan DingWeiying ZhouGuangzhi XuYan WangYouzuo ZhangQinxue NiMDPI AGarticleGardeniae fructusaccelerated solvent extractioncharacteristic compoundsantioxidantacetylcholinesterase inhibitoryPC12 cellChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFoods, Vol 10, Iss 2805, p 2805 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Gardeniae fructus accelerated solvent extraction characteristic compounds antioxidant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory PC12 cell Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	Gardeniae fructus accelerated solvent extraction characteristic compounds antioxidant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory PC12 cell Chemical technology TP1-1185 Yiling Fan Xueying Li Lan Ding Weiying Zhou Guangzhi Xu Yan Wang Youzuo Zhang Qinxue Ni Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities
description	Gardeniae fructus is a common neuroprotective medicinal food in China, however the extraction efficiency and mixture activities are rarely mentioned. In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) parameters were optimized by a response surface methodology to extract antioxidants from Gardeniae fructus. Neuroprotective activity was evaluated using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and amyloid-β<sub>25–35</sub> peptide-treated PC12 cells. By comparing with three other extract methods (i.e., heated refluxing extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)), it was found that the yield (35.10%), total iridoids (27.69%), total flavonoid (6.12%) content, antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50</sub> on DPPH, 164.46 µg/mL; FRAP value 4703.54 μmol/L), and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory ability (IC<sub>50</sub> 92.58 µg/mL) of ASE extract under the optimal condition (150 °C temperature, 10 min static time, 60% ethanol, 2 extract cycles) were significantly higher than other extract methods. The strongest ability to protect PC12 cells from damage was also present in ASE extract, as evidenced by decreasing lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, elevating superoxide dismutase and glutathioneperoxidase activities. Compositional analysis indicated that the extremely high crocetin level in ASE extract (1.30 μg/mg) may offer great potential. Our results indicated that ASE is a proper extraction method that could offer great potential for finding the neuroprotective ability of Gardeniae fructus for the treatment of AD.
format	article
author	Yiling Fan Xueying Li Lan Ding Weiying Zhou Guangzhi Xu Yan Wang Youzuo Zhang Qinxue Ni
author_facet	Yiling Fan Xueying Li Lan Ding Weiying Zhou Guangzhi Xu Yan Wang Youzuo Zhang Qinxue Ni
author_sort	Yiling Fan
title	Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities
title_short	Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities
title_full	Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities
title_fullStr	Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities
title_full_unstemmed	Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities
title_sort	accelerated solvent extraction of antioxidant compounds from gardeniae fructus and its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and pc12 cell protective activities
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/716dc87687574ba3a5ec41884f0006ef
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Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities

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