Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal

Abstract Understanding factors influencing survival of neonates for wild species is important for successful management, particularly for determining drivers of population dynamics. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are invasive and populations are rapidly increasing in part due to high reproductive capacity....

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Autores principales:	Sarah M. Chinn, John C. Kilgo, Mark A. Vukovich, James C. Beasley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/718aeb9162f542a99ec060d609340200
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:718aeb9162f542a99ec060d6093402002021-12-02T15:00:20ZInfluence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal10.1038/s41598-021-90495-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/718aeb9162f542a99ec060d6093402002021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90495-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Understanding factors influencing survival of neonates for wild species is important for successful management, particularly for determining drivers of population dynamics. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are invasive and populations are rapidly increasing in part due to high reproductive capacity. Survival of adults is generally high, however, survival of piglets, and particularly neonates, is largely unknown. We located neonates at the natal nest and quantified survival in relation to individual and maternal biological attributes, and environmental variables. During 2017–2020, we captured 50 neonates from 13 litters and documented 28 mortalities (56%) over six weeks. Survival was positively influenced by pelage coloration, likely as a form of camouflage from predators. Male neonates had higher survival. They were born larger than females, which could be beneficial for thermoregulation and competition for milk. Neonates born to larger sows had lower survival. Sow size was positively correlated with litter size, and this finding may reflect the increased nutritional demands of sustaining large litters, or difficulties in defending more neonates against predators. Neonates born in warmer months had higher survival than those born in cooler months. Neonates are inefficient thermoregulators, thus being born in warmer months could be beneficial for maintaining homeostasis as well as access to more food resources. These are the largest and most complete data for neonate wild pig survival and will inform population models for the development of management strategies to reduce negative impacts of this destructive invasive species on native ecosystems.Sarah M. ChinnJohn C. KilgoMark A. VukovichJames C. BeasleyNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sarah M. Chinn John C. Kilgo Mark A. Vukovich James C. Beasley Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal
description	Abstract Understanding factors influencing survival of neonates for wild species is important for successful management, particularly for determining drivers of population dynamics. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are invasive and populations are rapidly increasing in part due to high reproductive capacity. Survival of adults is generally high, however, survival of piglets, and particularly neonates, is largely unknown. We located neonates at the natal nest and quantified survival in relation to individual and maternal biological attributes, and environmental variables. During 2017–2020, we captured 50 neonates from 13 litters and documented 28 mortalities (56%) over six weeks. Survival was positively influenced by pelage coloration, likely as a form of camouflage from predators. Male neonates had higher survival. They were born larger than females, which could be beneficial for thermoregulation and competition for milk. Neonates born to larger sows had lower survival. Sow size was positively correlated with litter size, and this finding may reflect the increased nutritional demands of sustaining large litters, or difficulties in defending more neonates against predators. Neonates born in warmer months had higher survival than those born in cooler months. Neonates are inefficient thermoregulators, thus being born in warmer months could be beneficial for maintaining homeostasis as well as access to more food resources. These are the largest and most complete data for neonate wild pig survival and will inform population models for the development of management strategies to reduce negative impacts of this destructive invasive species on native ecosystems.
format	article
author	Sarah M. Chinn John C. Kilgo Mark A. Vukovich James C. Beasley
author_facet	Sarah M. Chinn John C. Kilgo Mark A. Vukovich James C. Beasley
author_sort	Sarah M. Chinn
title	Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal
title_short	Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal
title_full	Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal
title_fullStr	Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal
title_sort	influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/718aeb9162f542a99ec060d609340200
work_keys_str_mv	AT sarahmchinn influenceofintrinsicandextrinsicattributesonneonatesurvivalinaninvasivelargemammal AT johnckilgo influenceofintrinsicandextrinsicattributesonneonatesurvivalinaninvasivelargemammal AT markavukovich influenceofintrinsicandextrinsicattributesonneonatesurvivalinaninvasivelargemammal AT jamescbeasley influenceofintrinsicandextrinsicattributesonneonatesurvivalinaninvasivelargemammal
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Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes on neonate survival in an invasive large mammal

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