Recent Trends in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Binary and Ternary Heterostructured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is a class of two-dimensional layered material. The ever-growing research on this fascinating material is due to its unique visible light absorption, surface, electrocatalytic, and other physicochemical properties th...

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Autores principales:	Ravindranadh Koutavarapu, Shaik Gouse Peera, Tae Gwan Lee, Chimpiri Rao Myla, Dong-Yeon Lee, Jaesool Shim, Suresh Kannan Balasingam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> binary and ternary heterostructures photoelectrochemical water splitting hydrogen photocatalyst Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/719589db5d5b41328ad12833c2636ac3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:719589db5d5b41328ad12833c2636ac32021-11-25T18:50:48ZRecent Trends in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Binary and Ternary Heterostructured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting10.3390/pr91119592227-9717https://doaj.org/article/719589db5d5b41328ad12833c2636ac32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/11/1959https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9717The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is a class of two-dimensional layered material. The ever-growing research on this fascinating material is due to its unique visible light absorption, surface, electrocatalytic, and other physicochemical properties that can be useful to different energy conversion and storage applications. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting reaction is one of the promising applications of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, wherein it acts as a durable catalyst support material. Very recently, the construction of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based binary and ternary heterostructures exhibited superior PEC water splitting performance owing to its reduced reunion of e-/h+ pairs and the fast transfer of charge carriers at the heterostructure interface. This review compiles the recent advances and challenges on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based heterostructured photocatalysts for the PEC water splitting reaction. After an overview of the available literature, we presume that g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based photocatalysts showed enhanced PEC water splitting performance. Therefore, it is believed that these materials have tremendous opportunities to act as durable catalyst support for energy-related applications. However, researchers also considered several limitations and challenges for using C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as an efficient catalyst support material that must be addressed. This review article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of PEC water splitting, the current PEC water splitting research trends on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based binary and ternary heterostructured electrodes with respect to different electrolytes, and the other key factors influencing their photoelectrochemical performance. Finally, the future research direction with several recommendations to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of these materials is also provided at the end.Ravindranadh KoutavarapuShaik Gouse PeeraTae Gwan LeeChimpiri Rao MylaDong-Yeon LeeJaesool ShimSuresh Kannan BalasingamMDPI AGarticleg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>binary and ternary heterostructuresphotoelectrochemical water splittinghydrogenphotocatalystChemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENProcesses, Vol 9, Iss 1959, p 1959 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> binary and ternary heterostructures photoelectrochemical water splitting hydrogen photocatalyst Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> binary and ternary heterostructures photoelectrochemical water splitting hydrogen photocatalyst Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Ravindranadh Koutavarapu Shaik Gouse Peera Tae Gwan Lee Chimpiri Rao Myla Dong-Yeon Lee Jaesool Shim Suresh Kannan Balasingam Recent Trends in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Binary and Ternary Heterostructured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
description	The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is a class of two-dimensional layered material. The ever-growing research on this fascinating material is due to its unique visible light absorption, surface, electrocatalytic, and other physicochemical properties that can be useful to different energy conversion and storage applications. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting reaction is one of the promising applications of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, wherein it acts as a durable catalyst support material. Very recently, the construction of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based binary and ternary heterostructures exhibited superior PEC water splitting performance owing to its reduced reunion of e-/h+ pairs and the fast transfer of charge carriers at the heterostructure interface. This review compiles the recent advances and challenges on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based heterostructured photocatalysts for the PEC water splitting reaction. After an overview of the available literature, we presume that g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based photocatalysts showed enhanced PEC water splitting performance. Therefore, it is believed that these materials have tremendous opportunities to act as durable catalyst support for energy-related applications. However, researchers also considered several limitations and challenges for using C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as an efficient catalyst support material that must be addressed. This review article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of PEC water splitting, the current PEC water splitting research trends on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based binary and ternary heterostructured electrodes with respect to different electrolytes, and the other key factors influencing their photoelectrochemical performance. Finally, the future research direction with several recommendations to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of these materials is also provided at the end.
format	article
author	Ravindranadh Koutavarapu Shaik Gouse Peera Tae Gwan Lee Chimpiri Rao Myla Dong-Yeon Lee Jaesool Shim Suresh Kannan Balasingam
author_facet	Ravindranadh Koutavarapu Shaik Gouse Peera Tae Gwan Lee Chimpiri Rao Myla Dong-Yeon Lee Jaesool Shim Suresh Kannan Balasingam
author_sort	Ravindranadh Koutavarapu
title	Recent Trends in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Binary and Ternary Heterostructured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
title_short	Recent Trends in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Binary and Ternary Heterostructured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
title_full	Recent Trends in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Binary and Ternary Heterostructured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
title_fullStr	Recent Trends in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Binary and Ternary Heterostructured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
title_full_unstemmed	Recent Trends in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Binary and Ternary Heterostructured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
title_sort	recent trends in graphitic carbon nitride-based binary and ternary heterostructured electrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/719589db5d5b41328ad12833c2636ac3
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Recent Trends in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Binary and Ternary Heterostructured Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

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