Healthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters

Selina Ladina Combertaldi, Björn Rasch Division of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, FR, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Björn RaschDivision of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fri...

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Autores principales:	Combertaldi SL, Rasch B
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	cognition sleep sleep quality intention sleep misperception Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/71a85fdad3ec49a6ae34e5ef5b4ecde5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:71a85fdad3ec49a6ae34e5ef5b4ecde52021-12-02T12:58:08ZHealthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/71a85fdad3ec49a6ae34e5ef5b4ecde52020-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/healthy-sleepers-can-worsen-their-sleep-by-wanting-to-do-so-the-effect-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Selina Ladina Combertaldi, Björn Rasch Division of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, FR, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Björn RaschDivision of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-A.-Faucigny 2, Fribourg CH-1700, SwitzerlandTel +41 26 300 7637Email bjoern.rasch@unifr.chPurpose: Sleep is regulated by homeostatic and circadian factors. In addition, psychological factors have a strong modulatory impact on our sleep, but the exact underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we examined the role of intentions on subjective and objective sleep parameters. Young healthy sleepers were instructed to voluntarily either worsen or improve their sleep. We predicted that participants would be capable of worsening, but not improving, their sleep compared to a regular sleep condition. In addition, we predicted that the instruction to alter sleep would lead to a higher discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep variables.Participants and Methods: Twenty-two healthy students participated in one adaptation and three experimental nights. Polysomnography and subjective sleep parameters were measured during all four nights. Participants were instructed to sleep regularly (“neutral”), better (“good”) or worse (“bad”) than normal, in a counterbalanced order.Results: The instruction to sleep “bad” increased objective sleep onset latency and the number of awakings during the night. The effects were stronger on subjective sleep variables, resulting in a higher sleep misperception in the “bad” condition as compared to the other two conditions. The instruction to sleep “good” did not improve sleep nor did it affect sleep misperception.Conclusion: We conclude that intention is sufficient to impair (but not improve) subjective and objective sleep quality and to increase sleep misperception in healthy young sleepers. Our results have important implications for the understanding of the impact of psychological factors on our sleep.Keywords: cognition, sleep, sleep quality, intention, sleep misperceptionCombertaldi SLRasch BDove Medical Pressarticlecognitionsleepsleep qualityintentionsleep misperceptionPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 12, Pp 981-997 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cognition sleep sleep quality intention sleep misperception Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	cognition sleep sleep quality intention sleep misperception Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Combertaldi SL Rasch B Healthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters
description	Selina Ladina Combertaldi, Björn Rasch Division of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, FR, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Björn RaschDivision of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.-A.-Faucigny 2, Fribourg CH-1700, SwitzerlandTel +41 26 300 7637Email bjoern.rasch@unifr.chPurpose: Sleep is regulated by homeostatic and circadian factors. In addition, psychological factors have a strong modulatory impact on our sleep, but the exact underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we examined the role of intentions on subjective and objective sleep parameters. Young healthy sleepers were instructed to voluntarily either worsen or improve their sleep. We predicted that participants would be capable of worsening, but not improving, their sleep compared to a regular sleep condition. In addition, we predicted that the instruction to alter sleep would lead to a higher discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep variables.Participants and Methods: Twenty-two healthy students participated in one adaptation and three experimental nights. Polysomnography and subjective sleep parameters were measured during all four nights. Participants were instructed to sleep regularly (“neutral”), better (“good”) or worse (“bad”) than normal, in a counterbalanced order.Results: The instruction to sleep “bad” increased objective sleep onset latency and the number of awakings during the night. The effects were stronger on subjective sleep variables, resulting in a higher sleep misperception in the “bad” condition as compared to the other two conditions. The instruction to sleep “good” did not improve sleep nor did it affect sleep misperception.Conclusion: We conclude that intention is sufficient to impair (but not improve) subjective and objective sleep quality and to increase sleep misperception in healthy young sleepers. Our results have important implications for the understanding of the impact of psychological factors on our sleep.Keywords: cognition, sleep, sleep quality, intention, sleep misperception
format	article
author	Combertaldi SL Rasch B
author_facet	Combertaldi SL Rasch B
author_sort	Combertaldi SL
title	Healthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters
title_short	Healthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters
title_full	Healthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters
title_fullStr	Healthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters
title_full_unstemmed	Healthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters
title_sort	healthy sleepers can worsen their sleep by wanting to do so: the effects of intention on objective and subjective sleep parameters
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/71a85fdad3ec49a6ae34e5ef5b4ecde5
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Healthy Sleepers Can Worsen Their Sleep by Wanting to Do so: The Effects of Intention on Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters

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