Microbe-specific C3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.

Complement C3 plays an essential role in the opsonization of pathogens in the mammalian complement system, whereas the molecular mechanism underlying C3 activation in invertebrates remains unknown. To understand the molecular mechanism of C3b deposition on microbes, we characterized two types of C2/...

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Autores principales:	Keisuke Tagawa, Toyoki Yoshihara, Toshio Shibata, Kazuki Kitazaki, Yuichi Endo, Teizo Fujita, Takumi Koshiba, Shun-ichiro Kawabata
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/71b38c3d9df1403fb3947e4a14d75505
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:71b38c3d9df1403fb3947e4a14d755052021-11-18T07:19:26ZMicrobe-specific C3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0036783https://doaj.org/article/71b38c3d9df1403fb3947e4a14d755052012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22611464/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Complement C3 plays an essential role in the opsonization of pathogens in the mammalian complement system, whereas the molecular mechanism underlying C3 activation in invertebrates remains unknown. To understand the molecular mechanism of C3b deposition on microbes, we characterized two types of C2/factor B homologs (designated TtC2/Bf-1 and TtC2/Bf-2) identified from the horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus. Although the domain architectures of TtC2/Bf-1 and TtC2/Bf-2 were identical to those of mammalian homologs, they contained five-repeated and seven-repeated complement control protein domains at their N-terminal regions, respectively. TtC2/Bf-1 and TtC2/Bf-2 were synthesized and glycosylated in hemocytes and secreted to hemolymph plasma, which existed in a complex with C3 (TtC3), and their activation by microbes was absolutely Mg(2+)-dependent. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TtC3b deposition was Mg(2+)-dependent on Gram-positive bacteria or fungi, but not on Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, this analysis demonstrated that Ca(2+)-dependent lectins (C-reactive protein-1 and tachylectin-5A) were required for TtC3b deposition on Gram-positive bacteria, and that a Ca(2+)-independent lectin (Tachypleus plasma lectin-1) was definitely indispensable for TtC3b deposition on fungi. In contrast, a horseshoe crab lipopolysaccharide-sensitive protease factor C was necessary and sufficient to deposit TtC3b on Gram-negative bacteria. We conclude that plasma lectins and factor C play key roles in microbe-specific TtC3b deposition in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.Keisuke TagawaToyoki YoshiharaToshio ShibataKazuki KitazakiYuichi EndoTeizo FujitaTakumi KoshibaShun-ichiro KawabataPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e36783 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Keisuke Tagawa Toyoki Yoshihara Toshio Shibata Kazuki Kitazaki Yuichi Endo Teizo Fujita Takumi Koshiba Shun-ichiro Kawabata Microbe-specific C3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.
description	Complement C3 plays an essential role in the opsonization of pathogens in the mammalian complement system, whereas the molecular mechanism underlying C3 activation in invertebrates remains unknown. To understand the molecular mechanism of C3b deposition on microbes, we characterized two types of C2/factor B homologs (designated TtC2/Bf-1 and TtC2/Bf-2) identified from the horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus. Although the domain architectures of TtC2/Bf-1 and TtC2/Bf-2 were identical to those of mammalian homologs, they contained five-repeated and seven-repeated complement control protein domains at their N-terminal regions, respectively. TtC2/Bf-1 and TtC2/Bf-2 were synthesized and glycosylated in hemocytes and secreted to hemolymph plasma, which existed in a complex with C3 (TtC3), and their activation by microbes was absolutely Mg(2+)-dependent. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TtC3b deposition was Mg(2+)-dependent on Gram-positive bacteria or fungi, but not on Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, this analysis demonstrated that Ca(2+)-dependent lectins (C-reactive protein-1 and tachylectin-5A) were required for TtC3b deposition on Gram-positive bacteria, and that a Ca(2+)-independent lectin (Tachypleus plasma lectin-1) was definitely indispensable for TtC3b deposition on fungi. In contrast, a horseshoe crab lipopolysaccharide-sensitive protease factor C was necessary and sufficient to deposit TtC3b on Gram-negative bacteria. We conclude that plasma lectins and factor C play key roles in microbe-specific TtC3b deposition in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.
format	article
author	Keisuke Tagawa Toyoki Yoshihara Toshio Shibata Kazuki Kitazaki Yuichi Endo Teizo Fujita Takumi Koshiba Shun-ichiro Kawabata
author_facet	Keisuke Tagawa Toyoki Yoshihara Toshio Shibata Kazuki Kitazaki Yuichi Endo Teizo Fujita Takumi Koshiba Shun-ichiro Kawabata
author_sort	Keisuke Tagawa
title	Microbe-specific C3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.
title_short	Microbe-specific C3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.
title_full	Microbe-specific C3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.
title_fullStr	Microbe-specific C3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.
title_full_unstemmed	Microbe-specific C3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.
title_sort	microbe-specific c3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a c2/factor b-dependent or -independent manner.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/71b38c3d9df1403fb3947e4a14d75505
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Microbe-specific C3b deposition in the horseshoe crab complement system in a C2/factor B-dependent or -independent manner.

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