Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cancer Cell Proliferation by New VEGFR Inhibitors and Their Immunomodulator Effect: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation has an important role in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis restenosis and hypertension. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to stimulate VSMC proliferation. In addition, angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of canc...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:71c7bb63087547aab732fa0d1750f4072021-11-08T02:36:03ZInhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cancer Cell Proliferation by New VEGFR Inhibitors and Their Immunomodulator Effect: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation1942-099410.1155/2021/8321400https://doaj.org/article/71c7bb63087547aab732fa0d1750f4072021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8321400https://doaj.org/toc/1942-0994Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation has an important role in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis restenosis and hypertension. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to stimulate VSMC proliferation. In addition, angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancerous growth. VEGF is the key modulator for the initial stages of angiogenesis that acts through the endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFRs). VEGFR-2 blockage is a good approach for suppression of angiogenesis. In order to discover novel VEGFR-2 TK inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized three new series of pyridine-containing compounds. The new compounds were all screened against a panel of three cell lines (HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7). Promising results encouraged us to additionally evaluate the most active members for their in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibitory effect. Compound 7a, which is the most potent candidate, revealed a significant increase in caspase-3 level by 7.80-fold when compared to the control. In addition, Bax and Bcl-2 concentration levels showed an increase in the proapoptotic protein Bax (261.4 Pg/ml) and a decrease of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 (1.25 Pg/ml) compared to the untreated cells. Furthermore, compound 7a arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase with induction of apoptosis. The immunomodulatory effect of compound 7a, the most active member, showed a reduction in TNF-α by 87%. Also, compound 7a caused a potent inhibitory effect on smooth muscle proliferation. Docking studies were also performed to get better insights into the possible binding mode of the target compounds with VEGFR-2 active sites.Feng RanWendong LiYi QinTong YuZhao LiuMin ZhouCheng LiuTong QiaoXiaoqiang LiReda G. YousefIbrahim H. EissaMohamed M. KhalifaHindawi LimitedarticleCytologyQH573-671ENOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol 2021 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Cytology QH573-671 |
| spellingShingle |
Cytology QH573-671 Feng Ran Wendong Li Yi Qin Tong Yu Zhao Liu Min Zhou Cheng Liu Tong Qiao Xiaoqiang Li Reda G. Yousef Ibrahim H. Eissa Mohamed M. Khalifa Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cancer Cell Proliferation by New VEGFR Inhibitors and Their Immunomodulator Effect: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation |
| description |
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation has an important role in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis restenosis and hypertension. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to stimulate VSMC proliferation. In addition, angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancerous growth. VEGF is the key modulator for the initial stages of angiogenesis that acts through the endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFRs). VEGFR-2 blockage is a good approach for suppression of angiogenesis. In order to discover novel VEGFR-2 TK inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized three new series of pyridine-containing compounds. The new compounds were all screened against a panel of three cell lines (HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7). Promising results encouraged us to additionally evaluate the most active members for their in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibitory effect. Compound 7a, which is the most potent candidate, revealed a significant increase in caspase-3 level by 7.80-fold when compared to the control. In addition, Bax and Bcl-2 concentration levels showed an increase in the proapoptotic protein Bax (261.4 Pg/ml) and a decrease of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 (1.25 Pg/ml) compared to the untreated cells. Furthermore, compound 7a arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase with induction of apoptosis. The immunomodulatory effect of compound 7a, the most active member, showed a reduction in TNF-α by 87%. Also, compound 7a caused a potent inhibitory effect on smooth muscle proliferation. Docking studies were also performed to get better insights into the possible binding mode of the target compounds with VEGFR-2 active sites. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Feng Ran Wendong Li Yi Qin Tong Yu Zhao Liu Min Zhou Cheng Liu Tong Qiao Xiaoqiang Li Reda G. Yousef Ibrahim H. Eissa Mohamed M. Khalifa |
| author_facet |
Feng Ran Wendong Li Yi Qin Tong Yu Zhao Liu Min Zhou Cheng Liu Tong Qiao Xiaoqiang Li Reda G. Yousef Ibrahim H. Eissa Mohamed M. Khalifa |
| author_sort |
Feng Ran |
| title |
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cancer Cell Proliferation by New VEGFR Inhibitors and Their Immunomodulator Effect: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation |
| title_short |
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cancer Cell Proliferation by New VEGFR Inhibitors and Their Immunomodulator Effect: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation |
| title_full |
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cancer Cell Proliferation by New VEGFR Inhibitors and Their Immunomodulator Effect: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation |
| title_fullStr |
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cancer Cell Proliferation by New VEGFR Inhibitors and Their Immunomodulator Effect: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Cancer Cell Proliferation by New VEGFR Inhibitors and Their Immunomodulator Effect: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation |
| title_sort |
inhibition of vascular smooth muscle and cancer cell proliferation by new vegfr inhibitors and their immunomodulator effect: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation |
| publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/71c7bb63087547aab732fa0d1750f407 |
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