Effect of Magnesium on Dentinogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells

Introducing therapeutic ions into pulp capping materials has been considered a new approach for enhancing regeneration of dental tissues. However, no studies have been reported on its dentinogenic effects on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). This study was designed to investigate the effects of magne...

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Autores principales:	Rania M. Salem, Chang Zhang, Laisheng Chou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/71d42eb41e98429185321d47bb933670
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:71d42eb41e98429185321d47bb9336702021-11-29T00:56:20ZEffect of Magnesium on Dentinogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells1687-879510.1155/2021/6567455https://doaj.org/article/71d42eb41e98429185321d47bb9336702021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6567455https://doaj.org/toc/1687-8795Introducing therapeutic ions into pulp capping materials has been considered a new approach for enhancing regeneration of dental tissues. However, no studies have been reported on its dentinogenic effects on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). This study was designed to investigate the effects of magnesium (Mg2+) on cell attachment efficiency, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of HDPCs. HDPCs were cultured with 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 4 mM, and 8 mM concentrations of supplemental Mg2+ and 0 mM (control). Cell attachment was measured at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours. Cell proliferation rate was evaluated at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days. Crystal violet staining was used to determine cell attachment and proliferation rate. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed using the fluorometric assay at 7, 10, and 14 days. Mineralization of cultures was measured by Alizarin red staining. Statistical analysis was done using multiway analysis of variance (multiway ANOVA) with Wilks’ lambda test. Higher cell attachment was shown with 0.5 mM and 1 mM at 16 hours compared to control (P<0.0001). Cells with 0.5 mM and 1 mM supplemental Mg2+ showed significantly higher proliferation rates than control at 7, 10, 14, and 21 days (P<0.0001). However, cell proliferation rates decreased significantly with 4 mM and 8 mM supplemental Mg2+ at 14 and 21 days (P<0.0001). Significantly higher levels of ALP activity and mineralization were observed in 0.5 mM, 1 mM, and 2 mM supplemental Mg2+ at 10 and 14 days (P<0.0001). However, 8 mM supplemental Mg2+ showed lower ALP activity compared to control at 14 days (P<0.0001), while 4 mM and 8 mM supplemental Mg2+showed less mineralization compared to control (P<0.0001). The study indicated that the optimal (0.5–2 mM) supplemental Mg2+ concentrations significantly upregulated HDPCs by enhancing cell attachment, proliferation rate, ALP activity, and mineralization. Magnesium-containing biomaterials could be considered for a future novel dental pulp-capping additive in regenerative endodontics.Rania M. SalemChang ZhangLaisheng ChouHindawi LimitedarticleBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65ENInternational Journal of Biomaterials, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65
spellingShingle	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Rania M. Salem Chang Zhang Laisheng Chou Effect of Magnesium on Dentinogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells
description	Introducing therapeutic ions into pulp capping materials has been considered a new approach for enhancing regeneration of dental tissues. However, no studies have been reported on its dentinogenic effects on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). This study was designed to investigate the effects of magnesium (Mg2+) on cell attachment efficiency, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of HDPCs. HDPCs were cultured with 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 4 mM, and 8 mM concentrations of supplemental Mg2+ and 0 mM (control). Cell attachment was measured at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours. Cell proliferation rate was evaluated at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days. Crystal violet staining was used to determine cell attachment and proliferation rate. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed using the fluorometric assay at 7, 10, and 14 days. Mineralization of cultures was measured by Alizarin red staining. Statistical analysis was done using multiway analysis of variance (multiway ANOVA) with Wilks’ lambda test. Higher cell attachment was shown with 0.5 mM and 1 mM at 16 hours compared to control (P<0.0001). Cells with 0.5 mM and 1 mM supplemental Mg2+ showed significantly higher proliferation rates than control at 7, 10, 14, and 21 days (P<0.0001). However, cell proliferation rates decreased significantly with 4 mM and 8 mM supplemental Mg2+ at 14 and 21 days (P<0.0001). Significantly higher levels of ALP activity and mineralization were observed in 0.5 mM, 1 mM, and 2 mM supplemental Mg2+ at 10 and 14 days (P<0.0001). However, 8 mM supplemental Mg2+ showed lower ALP activity compared to control at 14 days (P<0.0001), while 4 mM and 8 mM supplemental Mg2+showed less mineralization compared to control (P<0.0001). The study indicated that the optimal (0.5–2 mM) supplemental Mg2+ concentrations significantly upregulated HDPCs by enhancing cell attachment, proliferation rate, ALP activity, and mineralization. Magnesium-containing biomaterials could be considered for a future novel dental pulp-capping additive in regenerative endodontics.
format	article
author	Rania M. Salem Chang Zhang Laisheng Chou
author_facet	Rania M. Salem Chang Zhang Laisheng Chou
author_sort	Rania M. Salem
title	Effect of Magnesium on Dentinogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells
title_short	Effect of Magnesium on Dentinogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells
title_full	Effect of Magnesium on Dentinogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells
title_fullStr	Effect of Magnesium on Dentinogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Magnesium on Dentinogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells
title_sort	effect of magnesium on dentinogenesis of human dental pulp cells
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/71d42eb41e98429185321d47bb933670
work_keys_str_mv	AT raniamsalem effectofmagnesiumondentinogenesisofhumandentalpulpcells AT changzhang effectofmagnesiumondentinogenesisofhumandentalpulpcells AT laishengchou effectofmagnesiumondentinogenesisofhumandentalpulpcells
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Effect of Magnesium on Dentinogenesis of Human Dental Pulp Cells

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