Temporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted African landscape.

Africa is home to some of the world's most functionally diverse guilds of large carnivores. However, they are increasingly under threat from anthropogenic pressures that may exacerbate already intense intra-guild competition. Understanding the coexistence mechanisms employed by these species in...

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Autores principales:	Charlotte E Searle, Josephine B Smit, Jeremy J Cusack, Paolo Strampelli, Ana Grau, Lameck Mkuburo, David W Macdonald, Andrew J Loveridge, Amy J Dickman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/71ed5a067c3449af84968e86bab3de74
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:71ed5a067c3449af84968e86bab3de742021-12-02T20:14:43ZTemporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted African landscape.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0256876https://doaj.org/article/71ed5a067c3449af84968e86bab3de742021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256876https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Africa is home to some of the world's most functionally diverse guilds of large carnivores. However, they are increasingly under threat from anthropogenic pressures that may exacerbate already intense intra-guild competition. Understanding the coexistence mechanisms employed by these species in human-impacted landscapes could help shed light on some of the more subtle ways in which humans may impact wildlife populations, and inform multi-species conservation planning. We used camera trap data from Tanzania's Ruaha-Rungwa landscape to explore temporal and spatiotemporal associations between members of an intact East African large carnivore guild, and determine how these varied across gradients of anthropogenic impact and protection. All large carnivores except African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) exhibited predominantly nocturnal road-travel behaviour. Leopard (Panthera pardus) appeared to employ minor temporal avoidance of lion (Panthera leo) in all sites except those where human impacts were highest, suggesting that leopard may have been freed up from avoidance of lion in areas where the dominant competitor was less abundant, or that the need for leopard to avoid humans outweighed the need to avoid sympatric competitors. Lion appeared to modify their activity patterns to avoid humans in the most impacted areas. We also found evidence of avoidance and attraction among large carnivores: lion and spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) followed leopard; leopard avoided lion; spotted hyaena followed lion; and lion avoided spotted hyaena. Our findings suggest that large carnivores in Ruaha-Rungwa employ fine-scale partitioning mechanisms to facilitate coexistence with both sympatric species and humans, and that growing human pressures may interfere with these behaviours.Charlotte E SearleJosephine B SmitJeremy J CusackPaolo StrampelliAna GrauLameck MkuburoDavid W MacdonaldAndrew J LoveridgeAmy J DickmanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0256876 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Charlotte E Searle Josephine B Smit Jeremy J Cusack Paolo Strampelli Ana Grau Lameck Mkuburo David W Macdonald Andrew J Loveridge Amy J Dickman Temporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted African landscape.
description	Africa is home to some of the world's most functionally diverse guilds of large carnivores. However, they are increasingly under threat from anthropogenic pressures that may exacerbate already intense intra-guild competition. Understanding the coexistence mechanisms employed by these species in human-impacted landscapes could help shed light on some of the more subtle ways in which humans may impact wildlife populations, and inform multi-species conservation planning. We used camera trap data from Tanzania's Ruaha-Rungwa landscape to explore temporal and spatiotemporal associations between members of an intact East African large carnivore guild, and determine how these varied across gradients of anthropogenic impact and protection. All large carnivores except African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) exhibited predominantly nocturnal road-travel behaviour. Leopard (Panthera pardus) appeared to employ minor temporal avoidance of lion (Panthera leo) in all sites except those where human impacts were highest, suggesting that leopard may have been freed up from avoidance of lion in areas where the dominant competitor was less abundant, or that the need for leopard to avoid humans outweighed the need to avoid sympatric competitors. Lion appeared to modify their activity patterns to avoid humans in the most impacted areas. We also found evidence of avoidance and attraction among large carnivores: lion and spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) followed leopard; leopard avoided lion; spotted hyaena followed lion; and lion avoided spotted hyaena. Our findings suggest that large carnivores in Ruaha-Rungwa employ fine-scale partitioning mechanisms to facilitate coexistence with both sympatric species and humans, and that growing human pressures may interfere with these behaviours.
format	article
author	Charlotte E Searle Josephine B Smit Jeremy J Cusack Paolo Strampelli Ana Grau Lameck Mkuburo David W Macdonald Andrew J Loveridge Amy J Dickman
author_facet	Charlotte E Searle Josephine B Smit Jeremy J Cusack Paolo Strampelli Ana Grau Lameck Mkuburo David W Macdonald Andrew J Loveridge Amy J Dickman
author_sort	Charlotte E Searle
title	Temporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted African landscape.
title_short	Temporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted African landscape.
title_full	Temporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted African landscape.
title_fullStr	Temporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted African landscape.
title_full_unstemmed	Temporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted African landscape.
title_sort	temporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted african landscape.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/71ed5a067c3449af84968e86bab3de74
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Temporal partitioning and spatiotemporal avoidance among large carnivores in a human-impacted African landscape.

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