Polysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees

Jooyoung Lee,1 Sehyun Jeon,2 Somin Kim,1 Yumin Seo,1 Jinme Park,3 Yu Jin Lee,4 Seog Ju Kim1 1Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3...

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Autores principales:	Lee J, Jeon S, Kim S, Seo Y, Park J, Lee YJ, Kim SJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	attention sleep trauma north korean refugees Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7210a09b855d4969ab71b17dcd48118e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7210a09b855d4969ab71b17dcd48118e2021-12-02T14:57:41ZPolysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/7210a09b855d4969ab71b17dcd48118e2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/polysomnographic-sleep-and-attentional-deficits-in-traumatized-north-k-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Jooyoung Lee,1 Sehyun Jeon,2 Somin Kim,1 Yumin Seo,1 Jinme Park,3 Yu Jin Lee,4 Seog Ju Kim1 1Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; 4Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Seog Ju KimDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwon-ro, Kangnam-gu, #06351, Seoul, 135-710, KoreaTel +82-2-3410-3583Fax +82-2-3410-0050Email ksj7126@skku.eduIntroduction: Attentional deficits and sleep problems are common in refugees who have experienced trauma. In the present study, we used polysomnography (PSG) to investigate the relationship between attentional deficits and objective measures of sleep structure in traumatized North Korean refugees.Methods: We recruited 32 North Korean refugees (mean age = 33.78 ± 14.33 years) and 39 South Korean participants (mean age = 35.03 ± 11.08 years). Sustained attention and divided attention were assessed using the Computerized Attention Test. We conducted an overnight PSG to objectively assess sleep structure. The participants also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).Results: The North Korean refugees showed more commission errors (CEs, p < 0.05) and a larger standard deviation (SD) of the reaction time (RT) (p < 0.05) in the sustained attention task compared to the South Korean participants. Furthermore, the North Korean refugees showed a shorter period of wake after sleep onset (WASO, p < 0.01), less time spent in N1 (p < 0.05), and more time spent in N2 (p < 0.05). The larger SD of RT in the sustained attention task in the North Korean refugees was positively correlated with WASO (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) and N1 stage (r = 0.47, p < 0.05) after controlling for age, sex, BDI, BAI, and IES-R.Conclusion: The North Korean refugees showed poorer performance on the sustained attention task. Nocturnal PSG revealed shorter WASO and time spent in N1 in this population, which are independently associated with the preservation of attentional capacity. These data suggest that traumatized refugees may compensate for attentional deficits induced by their traumatic experiences via increased sleep continuity.Keywords: attention, sleep, trauma, North Korean refugeesLee JJeon SKim SSeo YPark JLee YJKim SJDove Medical Pressarticleattentionsleeptraumanorth korean refugeesPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 13, Pp 635-645 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	attention sleep trauma north korean refugees Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	attention sleep trauma north korean refugees Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Lee J Jeon S Kim S Seo Y Park J Lee YJ Kim SJ Polysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees
description	Jooyoung Lee,1 Sehyun Jeon,2 Somin Kim,1 Yumin Seo,1 Jinme Park,3 Yu Jin Lee,4 Seog Ju Kim1 1Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; 4Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Seog Ju KimDepartment of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Ilwon-ro, Kangnam-gu, #06351, Seoul, 135-710, KoreaTel +82-2-3410-3583Fax +82-2-3410-0050Email ksj7126@skku.eduIntroduction: Attentional deficits and sleep problems are common in refugees who have experienced trauma. In the present study, we used polysomnography (PSG) to investigate the relationship between attentional deficits and objective measures of sleep structure in traumatized North Korean refugees.Methods: We recruited 32 North Korean refugees (mean age = 33.78 ± 14.33 years) and 39 South Korean participants (mean age = 35.03 ± 11.08 years). Sustained attention and divided attention were assessed using the Computerized Attention Test. We conducted an overnight PSG to objectively assess sleep structure. The participants also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).Results: The North Korean refugees showed more commission errors (CEs, p < 0.05) and a larger standard deviation (SD) of the reaction time (RT) (p < 0.05) in the sustained attention task compared to the South Korean participants. Furthermore, the North Korean refugees showed a shorter period of wake after sleep onset (WASO, p < 0.01), less time spent in N1 (p < 0.05), and more time spent in N2 (p < 0.05). The larger SD of RT in the sustained attention task in the North Korean refugees was positively correlated with WASO (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) and N1 stage (r = 0.47, p < 0.05) after controlling for age, sex, BDI, BAI, and IES-R.Conclusion: The North Korean refugees showed poorer performance on the sustained attention task. Nocturnal PSG revealed shorter WASO and time spent in N1 in this population, which are independently associated with the preservation of attentional capacity. These data suggest that traumatized refugees may compensate for attentional deficits induced by their traumatic experiences via increased sleep continuity.Keywords: attention, sleep, trauma, North Korean refugees
format	article
author	Lee J Jeon S Kim S Seo Y Park J Lee YJ Kim SJ
author_facet	Lee J Jeon S Kim S Seo Y Park J Lee YJ Kim SJ
author_sort	Lee J
title	Polysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees
title_short	Polysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees
title_full	Polysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees
title_fullStr	Polysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees
title_full_unstemmed	Polysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees
title_sort	polysomnographic sleep and attentional deficits in traumatized north korean refugees
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7210a09b855d4969ab71b17dcd48118e
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Polysomnographic Sleep and Attentional Deficits in Traumatized North Korean Refugees

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