Microbiomes Reduce Their Host’s Sensitivity to Interspecific Interactions

ABSTRACT Bacteria associated with eukaryotic hosts can affect host fitness and trophic interactions between eukaryotes, but the extent to which bacteria influence the eukaryotic species interactions within trophic levels that modulate biodiversity and species coexistence is mostly unknown. Here, we...

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Autores principales:	Sara L. Jackrel, Kathryn C. Schmidt, Bradley J. Cardinale, Vincent J. Denef
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	microbiome eukaryotic species interactions species coexistence biodiversity Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/72167010b6524e199961c46c1c55b79d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:72167010b6524e199961c46c1c55b79d2021-11-15T15:56:57ZMicrobiomes Reduce Their Host’s Sensitivity to Interspecific Interactions10.1128/mBio.02657-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/72167010b6524e199961c46c1c55b79d2020-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02657-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Bacteria associated with eukaryotic hosts can affect host fitness and trophic interactions between eukaryotes, but the extent to which bacteria influence the eukaryotic species interactions within trophic levels that modulate biodiversity and species coexistence is mostly unknown. Here, we used phytoplankton, which are a classic model for evaluating interactions between species, grown with and without associated bacteria to test whether the bacteria alter the strength and type of species interactions within a trophic level. We demonstrate that host-associated bacteria alter host growth rates and carrying capacity. This did not change the type but frequently changed the strength of host interspecific interactions by facilitating host growth in the presence of an established species. These findings indicate that microbiomes can regulate their host species’ interspecific interactions. As between-species interaction strength impacts their ability to coexist, our findings show that microbiomes have the potential to modulate eukaryotic species diversity and community composition. IMPORTANCE Description of the Earth’s microbiota has recently undergone a phenomenal expansion that has challenged basic assumptions in many areas of biology, including hominid evolution, human gastrointestinal and neurodevelopmental disorders, and plant adaptation to climate change. By using the classic model system of freshwater phytoplankton that has been drawn upon for numerous foundational theories in ecology, we show that microbiomes, by facilitating their host population, can also influence between-species interactions among their eukaryotic hosts. Between-species interactions, including competition for resources, has been a central tenet in the field of ecology because of its implications for the diversity and composition of communities and how this in turn shapes ecosystem functioning.Sara L. JackrelKathryn C. SchmidtBradley J. CardinaleVincent J. DenefAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlemicrobiomeeukaryotic species interactionsspecies coexistencebiodiversityMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 1 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microbiome eukaryotic species interactions species coexistence biodiversity Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	microbiome eukaryotic species interactions species coexistence biodiversity Microbiology QR1-502 Sara L. Jackrel Kathryn C. Schmidt Bradley J. Cardinale Vincent J. Denef Microbiomes Reduce Their Host’s Sensitivity to Interspecific Interactions
description	ABSTRACT Bacteria associated with eukaryotic hosts can affect host fitness and trophic interactions between eukaryotes, but the extent to which bacteria influence the eukaryotic species interactions within trophic levels that modulate biodiversity and species coexistence is mostly unknown. Here, we used phytoplankton, which are a classic model for evaluating interactions between species, grown with and without associated bacteria to test whether the bacteria alter the strength and type of species interactions within a trophic level. We demonstrate that host-associated bacteria alter host growth rates and carrying capacity. This did not change the type but frequently changed the strength of host interspecific interactions by facilitating host growth in the presence of an established species. These findings indicate that microbiomes can regulate their host species’ interspecific interactions. As between-species interaction strength impacts their ability to coexist, our findings show that microbiomes have the potential to modulate eukaryotic species diversity and community composition. IMPORTANCE Description of the Earth’s microbiota has recently undergone a phenomenal expansion that has challenged basic assumptions in many areas of biology, including hominid evolution, human gastrointestinal and neurodevelopmental disorders, and plant adaptation to climate change. By using the classic model system of freshwater phytoplankton that has been drawn upon for numerous foundational theories in ecology, we show that microbiomes, by facilitating their host population, can also influence between-species interactions among their eukaryotic hosts. Between-species interactions, including competition for resources, has been a central tenet in the field of ecology because of its implications for the diversity and composition of communities and how this in turn shapes ecosystem functioning.
format	article
author	Sara L. Jackrel Kathryn C. Schmidt Bradley J. Cardinale Vincent J. Denef
author_facet	Sara L. Jackrel Kathryn C. Schmidt Bradley J. Cardinale Vincent J. Denef
author_sort	Sara L. Jackrel
title	Microbiomes Reduce Their Host’s Sensitivity to Interspecific Interactions
title_short	Microbiomes Reduce Their Host’s Sensitivity to Interspecific Interactions
title_full	Microbiomes Reduce Their Host’s Sensitivity to Interspecific Interactions
title_fullStr	Microbiomes Reduce Their Host’s Sensitivity to Interspecific Interactions
title_full_unstemmed	Microbiomes Reduce Their Host’s Sensitivity to Interspecific Interactions
title_sort	microbiomes reduce their host’s sensitivity to interspecific interactions
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/72167010b6524e199961c46c1c55b79d
work_keys_str_mv	AT saraljackrel microbiomesreducetheirhostssensitivitytointerspecificinteractions AT kathryncschmidt microbiomesreducetheirhostssensitivitytointerspecificinteractions AT bradleyjcardinale microbiomesreducetheirhostssensitivitytointerspecificinteractions AT vincentjdenef microbiomesreducetheirhostssensitivitytointerspecificinteractions
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Microbiomes Reduce Their Host’s Sensitivity to Interspecific Interactions

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