Mycosubtilin Produced by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC6633 Inhibits Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>
<i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> are fungal pathogens that cause diseases in cereal crops, such as Fusarium head blight (FHB), seedling blight, and stalk rot. They also produce a variety of mycotoxins that reduce crop yields and threaten human a...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/7244a9f0aa1c4e51a93698d8c9cf8d74 |
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| Sumario: | <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> are fungal pathogens that cause diseases in cereal crops, such as Fusarium head blight (FHB), seedling blight, and stalk rot. They also produce a variety of mycotoxins that reduce crop yields and threaten human and animal health. Several strategies for controlling these diseases have been developed. However, due to a lack of resistant cultivars and the hazards of chemical fungicides, efforts are now focused on the biocontrol of plant diseases, which is a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. In the present study, the lipopeptide mycosubtilin purified from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC6633 significantly suppressed the growth of <i>F. graminearum</i> PH-1 and <i>F. verticillioides</i> 7600 in vitro. Mycosubtilin caused the destruction and deformation of plasma membranes and cell walls in <i>F. graminearum</i> hyphae. Additionally, mycosubtilin inhibited conidial spore formation and germination of both fungi in a dose-dependent manner. <i>In planta</i> experiments demonstrated the ability of mycosubtilin to control the adverse effects caused by <i>F. graminearum</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i> on wheat heads and maize kernels<i>,</i> respectively. Mycosubtilin significantly decreased the production of deoxynivalenol (DON) and B-series fumonisins (FB<sub>1</sub>, FB<sub>2</sub> and FB<sub>3</sub>) in infected grains, with inhibition rates of 48.92, 48.48, 52.42, and 59.44%, respectively. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that mycosubtilin significantly downregulated genes involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis. In conclusion, mycosubtilin produced by <i>B</i><i>. subtilis</i> ATCC6633 was shown to have potential as a biological agent to control plant diseases and <i>Fusarium</i> toxin contamination caused by <i>F. graminearum</i> and <i>F. verticillioides.</i> |
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