Remediation of Annular Gas Migration along Cemented Wellbores Using Reactive Mineral Fluids: Experimental Assessment of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Silicate-Based Solutions

Achieving zonal isolation along wellbores is essential for upholding the containment integrity of subsurface reservoirs and preventing fluid seepage to the environment. The sealing performance of Portland cements conventionally used to create barriers can be severely compromised by defects like frac...

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Autores principales:	Timotheus K. T. Wolterbeek, Suzanne J. T. Hangx
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	wellbore integrity cement mineral precipitation annular fluid migration zonal isolation sustained casing pressure Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7254a720a38e495c8726581c8225f0ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7254a720a38e495c8726581c8225f0ed2021-11-25T17:26:08ZRemediation of Annular Gas Migration along Cemented Wellbores Using Reactive Mineral Fluids: Experimental Assessment of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Silicate-Based Solutions10.3390/en142275071996-1073https://doaj.org/article/7254a720a38e495c8726581c8225f0ed2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7507https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Achieving zonal isolation along wellbores is essential for upholding the containment integrity of subsurface reservoirs and preventing fluid seepage to the environment. The sealing performance of Portland cements conventionally used to create barriers can be severely compromised by defects like fractures or micro-annuli along casing–cement–rock interfaces. A possible remediation method would be to circulate reactive fluids through compromised cement sections and induce defect clogging via mineral precipitation. We assess the sealing potential of two prospective fluids: sodium bicarbonate and sodium silicate solutions. Reactive flow-through experiments were conducted on 6-m-long cemented steel tubes, bearing ~20-μm-wide micro-annuli, at 50 °C and 0.3–6 MPa fluid pressure. For the sodium bicarbonate solution (90 g/kg-H<sub>2</sub>O), reactive flow yielded only a minor reduction in permeability, with values remaining within one order. Injection of sodium silicate solution (37.1 wt.%, SiO<sub>2</sub>:Na<sub>2</sub>O molar ratio <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 2.57) resulted in a large decrease in flow rate, effectively reaching the setup’s lower measurement limit in hours. However, this strong sealing effect can almost certainly be attributed to gelation of the fluid through polymerisation, rather than defect clogging via mineral precipitation. For both fluids investigated, the extent of solids precipitation resulting from single-phase injection was less than anticipated. This shortfall is attributed to ineffective/insufficient liberation of Ca-ions from the alkaline phases in the cement.Timotheus K. T. WolterbeekSuzanne J. T. HangxMDPI AGarticlewellbore integritycementmineral precipitationannular fluid migrationzonal isolationsustained casing pressureTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7507, p 7507 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	wellbore integrity cement mineral precipitation annular fluid migration zonal isolation sustained casing pressure Technology T
spellingShingle	wellbore integrity cement mineral precipitation annular fluid migration zonal isolation sustained casing pressure Technology T Timotheus K. T. Wolterbeek Suzanne J. T. Hangx Remediation of Annular Gas Migration along Cemented Wellbores Using Reactive Mineral Fluids: Experimental Assessment of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Silicate-Based Solutions
description	Achieving zonal isolation along wellbores is essential for upholding the containment integrity of subsurface reservoirs and preventing fluid seepage to the environment. The sealing performance of Portland cements conventionally used to create barriers can be severely compromised by defects like fractures or micro-annuli along casing–cement–rock interfaces. A possible remediation method would be to circulate reactive fluids through compromised cement sections and induce defect clogging via mineral precipitation. We assess the sealing potential of two prospective fluids: sodium bicarbonate and sodium silicate solutions. Reactive flow-through experiments were conducted on 6-m-long cemented steel tubes, bearing ~20-μm-wide micro-annuli, at 50 °C and 0.3–6 MPa fluid pressure. For the sodium bicarbonate solution (90 g/kg-H<sub>2</sub>O), reactive flow yielded only a minor reduction in permeability, with values remaining within one order. Injection of sodium silicate solution (37.1 wt.%, SiO<sub>2</sub>:Na<sub>2</sub>O molar ratio <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> 2.57) resulted in a large decrease in flow rate, effectively reaching the setup’s lower measurement limit in hours. However, this strong sealing effect can almost certainly be attributed to gelation of the fluid through polymerisation, rather than defect clogging via mineral precipitation. For both fluids investigated, the extent of solids precipitation resulting from single-phase injection was less than anticipated. This shortfall is attributed to ineffective/insufficient liberation of Ca-ions from the alkaline phases in the cement.
format	article
author	Timotheus K. T. Wolterbeek Suzanne J. T. Hangx
author_facet	Timotheus K. T. Wolterbeek Suzanne J. T. Hangx
author_sort	Timotheus K. T. Wolterbeek
title	Remediation of Annular Gas Migration along Cemented Wellbores Using Reactive Mineral Fluids: Experimental Assessment of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Silicate-Based Solutions
title_short	Remediation of Annular Gas Migration along Cemented Wellbores Using Reactive Mineral Fluids: Experimental Assessment of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Silicate-Based Solutions
title_full	Remediation of Annular Gas Migration along Cemented Wellbores Using Reactive Mineral Fluids: Experimental Assessment of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Silicate-Based Solutions
title_fullStr	Remediation of Annular Gas Migration along Cemented Wellbores Using Reactive Mineral Fluids: Experimental Assessment of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Silicate-Based Solutions
title_full_unstemmed	Remediation of Annular Gas Migration along Cemented Wellbores Using Reactive Mineral Fluids: Experimental Assessment of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Silicate-Based Solutions
title_sort	remediation of annular gas migration along cemented wellbores using reactive mineral fluids: experimental assessment of sodium bicarbonate and sodium silicate-based solutions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7254a720a38e495c8726581c8225f0ed
work_keys_str_mv	AT timotheusktwolterbeek remediationofannulargasmigrationalongcementedwellboresusingreactivemineralfluidsexperimentalassessmentofsodiumbicarbonateandsodiumsilicatebasedsolutions AT suzannejthangx remediationofannulargasmigrationalongcementedwellboresusingreactivemineralfluidsexperimentalassessmentofsodiumbicarbonateandsodiumsilicatebasedsolutions
_version_	1718412356166352896

Remediation of Annular Gas Migration along Cemented Wellbores Using Reactive Mineral Fluids: Experimental Assessment of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Silicate-Based Solutions

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