Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Maintenance

The retina is a light-sensing ocular tissue that sends information to the brain to enable vision. The blood–retinal barrier (BRB) contributes to maintaining homeostasis in the retinal microenvironment by selectively regulating flux of molecules between systemic circulation and the retina. Maintainin...

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Autores principales:	Felix Yemanyi, Kiran Bora, Alexandra K. Blomfield, Zhongxiao Wang, Jing Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	blood–retinal barrier Wnt signaling endothelial cells paracellular transport transcytosis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7258ed000632477aa35f32fa406ab6b3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7258ed000632477aa35f32fa406ab6b32021-11-11T17:17:57ZWnt Signaling in Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Maintenance10.3390/ijms2221118771422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/7258ed000632477aa35f32fa406ab6b32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11877https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The retina is a light-sensing ocular tissue that sends information to the brain to enable vision. The blood–retinal barrier (BRB) contributes to maintaining homeostasis in the retinal microenvironment by selectively regulating flux of molecules between systemic circulation and the retina. Maintaining such physiological balance is fundamental to visual function by facilitating the delivery of nutrients and oxygen and for protection from blood-borne toxins. The inner BRB (iBRB), composed mostly of inner retinal vasculature, controls substance exchange mainly via transportation processes between (paracellular) and through (transcellular) the retinal microvascular endothelium. Disruption of iBRB, characterized by retinal edema, is observed in many eye diseases and disturbs the physiological quiescence in the retina’s extracellular space, resulting in vision loss. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms of iBRB formation, maintenance, and breakdown is pivotal to discovering potential targets to restore function to compromised physiological barriers. These unraveled targets can also inform potential drug delivery strategies across the BRB and the blood–brain barrier into retinas and brain tissues, respectively. This review summarizes mechanistic insights into the development and maintenance of iBRB in health and disease, with a specific focus on the Wnt signaling pathway and its regulatory role in both paracellular and transcellular transport across the retinal vascular endothelium.Felix YemanyiKiran BoraAlexandra K. BlomfieldZhongxiao WangJing ChenMDPI AGarticleblood–retinal barrierWnt signalingendothelial cellsparacellular transporttranscytosisBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11877, p 11877 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	blood–retinal barrier Wnt signaling endothelial cells paracellular transport transcytosis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	blood–retinal barrier Wnt signaling endothelial cells paracellular transport transcytosis Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Felix Yemanyi Kiran Bora Alexandra K. Blomfield Zhongxiao Wang Jing Chen Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Maintenance
description	The retina is a light-sensing ocular tissue that sends information to the brain to enable vision. The blood–retinal barrier (BRB) contributes to maintaining homeostasis in the retinal microenvironment by selectively regulating flux of molecules between systemic circulation and the retina. Maintaining such physiological balance is fundamental to visual function by facilitating the delivery of nutrients and oxygen and for protection from blood-borne toxins. The inner BRB (iBRB), composed mostly of inner retinal vasculature, controls substance exchange mainly via transportation processes between (paracellular) and through (transcellular) the retinal microvascular endothelium. Disruption of iBRB, characterized by retinal edema, is observed in many eye diseases and disturbs the physiological quiescence in the retina’s extracellular space, resulting in vision loss. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms of iBRB formation, maintenance, and breakdown is pivotal to discovering potential targets to restore function to compromised physiological barriers. These unraveled targets can also inform potential drug delivery strategies across the BRB and the blood–brain barrier into retinas and brain tissues, respectively. This review summarizes mechanistic insights into the development and maintenance of iBRB in health and disease, with a specific focus on the Wnt signaling pathway and its regulatory role in both paracellular and transcellular transport across the retinal vascular endothelium.
format	article
author	Felix Yemanyi Kiran Bora Alexandra K. Blomfield Zhongxiao Wang Jing Chen
author_facet	Felix Yemanyi Kiran Bora Alexandra K. Blomfield Zhongxiao Wang Jing Chen
author_sort	Felix Yemanyi
title	Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Maintenance
title_short	Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Maintenance
title_full	Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Maintenance
title_fullStr	Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Maintenance
title_full_unstemmed	Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Maintenance
title_sort	wnt signaling in inner blood–retinal barrier maintenance
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7258ed000632477aa35f32fa406ab6b3
work_keys_str_mv	AT felixyemanyi wntsignalingininnerbloodretinalbarriermaintenance AT kiranbora wntsignalingininnerbloodretinalbarriermaintenance AT alexandrakblomfield wntsignalingininnerbloodretinalbarriermaintenance AT zhongxiaowang wntsignalingininnerbloodretinalbarriermaintenance AT jingchen wntsignalingininnerbloodretinalbarriermaintenance
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Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Maintenance

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