Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite

We have examined the irradiation response of a titanate and zirconate pyrochlore—both of which are well studied in the literature individually—in an attempt to define the appearance of defect fluorite in zirconate pyrochlores. To our knowledge this study is unique in that it attempts to discover the...

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Autores principales:	Sarah C. Finkeldei, Shirley Chang, Mihail Ionescu, Daniel Oldfield, Joel Davis, Gregory R. Lumpkin, David Simeone, Max Avdeev, Felix Brandt, Dirk Bosbach, Martina Klinkenberg, Gordon J. Thorogood
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	nuclear waste form materials radiation damage and others irradiation effects order/disorder phase transition pyrochlore stress neutron diffaction Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7259b03372a643c292924868671e6fca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7259b03372a643c292924868671e6fca2021-11-08T15:55:00ZInsight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite2296-264610.3389/fchem.2021.706736https://doaj.org/article/7259b03372a643c292924868671e6fca2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2021.706736/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2646We have examined the irradiation response of a titanate and zirconate pyrochlore—both of which are well studied in the literature individually—in an attempt to define the appearance of defect fluorite in zirconate pyrochlores. To our knowledge this study is unique in that it attempts to discover the mechanism of formation by a comparison of the different systems exposed to the same conditions and then examined via a range of techniques that cover a wide length scale. The conditions of approximately 1 displacement per atom via He2+ ions were used to simulate long term waste storage conditions as outlined by previous results from Ewing in a large enough sample volume to allow for neutron diffraction, as not attempted previously. The titanate sample, used as a baseline comparison since it readily becomes amorphous under these conditions behaved as expected. In contrast, the zirconate sample accumulates tensile stress in the absence of detectable strain. We propose this is analogous to the lanthanide zirconate pyrochlores examined by Simeone et al. where they reported the appearance of defect fluorite diffraction patterns due to a reduction in grain size. Radiation damage and stress results in the grains breaking into even smaller crystallites, thus creating even smaller coherent diffraction domains. An (ErNd)2(ZrTi)2O7 pyrochlore was synthesized to examine which mechanism might dominate, amorphization or stress/strain build up. Although strain was detected in the pristine sample via Synchrotron X-ray diffraction it was not of sufficient quality to perform a full analysis on.Sarah C. FinkeldeiSarah C. FinkeldeiSarah C. FinkeldeiShirley ChangMihail IonescuDaniel OldfieldJoel DavisGregory R. LumpkinDavid SimeoneMax AvdeevFelix BrandtDirk BosbachMartina KlinkenbergGordon J. ThorogoodGordon J. ThorogoodFrontiers Media S.A.articlenuclear waste form materialsradiation damage and others irradiation effectsorder/disorder phase transitionpyrochlorestressneutron diffactionChemistryQD1-999ENFrontiers in Chemistry, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nuclear waste form materials radiation damage and others irradiation effects order/disorder phase transition pyrochlore stress neutron diffaction Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	nuclear waste form materials radiation damage and others irradiation effects order/disorder phase transition pyrochlore stress neutron diffaction Chemistry QD1-999 Sarah C. Finkeldei Sarah C. Finkeldei Sarah C. Finkeldei Shirley Chang Mihail Ionescu Daniel Oldfield Joel Davis Gregory R. Lumpkin David Simeone Max Avdeev Felix Brandt Dirk Bosbach Martina Klinkenberg Gordon J. Thorogood Gordon J. Thorogood Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite
description	We have examined the irradiation response of a titanate and zirconate pyrochlore—both of which are well studied in the literature individually—in an attempt to define the appearance of defect fluorite in zirconate pyrochlores. To our knowledge this study is unique in that it attempts to discover the mechanism of formation by a comparison of the different systems exposed to the same conditions and then examined via a range of techniques that cover a wide length scale. The conditions of approximately 1 displacement per atom via He2+ ions were used to simulate long term waste storage conditions as outlined by previous results from Ewing in a large enough sample volume to allow for neutron diffraction, as not attempted previously. The titanate sample, used as a baseline comparison since it readily becomes amorphous under these conditions behaved as expected. In contrast, the zirconate sample accumulates tensile stress in the absence of detectable strain. We propose this is analogous to the lanthanide zirconate pyrochlores examined by Simeone et al. where they reported the appearance of defect fluorite diffraction patterns due to a reduction in grain size. Radiation damage and stress results in the grains breaking into even smaller crystallites, thus creating even smaller coherent diffraction domains. An (ErNd)2(ZrTi)2O7 pyrochlore was synthesized to examine which mechanism might dominate, amorphization or stress/strain build up. Although strain was detected in the pristine sample via Synchrotron X-ray diffraction it was not of sufficient quality to perform a full analysis on.
format	article
author	Sarah C. Finkeldei Sarah C. Finkeldei Sarah C. Finkeldei Shirley Chang Mihail Ionescu Daniel Oldfield Joel Davis Gregory R. Lumpkin David Simeone Max Avdeev Felix Brandt Dirk Bosbach Martina Klinkenberg Gordon J. Thorogood Gordon J. Thorogood
author_facet	Sarah C. Finkeldei Sarah C. Finkeldei Sarah C. Finkeldei Shirley Chang Mihail Ionescu Daniel Oldfield Joel Davis Gregory R. Lumpkin David Simeone Max Avdeev Felix Brandt Dirk Bosbach Martina Klinkenberg Gordon J. Thorogood Gordon J. Thorogood
author_sort	Sarah C. Finkeldei
title	Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite
title_short	Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite
title_full	Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite
title_fullStr	Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite
title_full_unstemmed	Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite
title_sort	insight into disorder, stress and strain of radiation damaged pyrochlores: a possible mechanism for the appearance of defect fluorite
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7259b03372a643c292924868671e6fca
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Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite

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