Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka

Abstract Snake envenomation is a severe problem in Sri Lanka (SL) and Indian polyvalent antivenom (PAV) is mostly used for treating snakebite albeit due to geographical variation in venom composition, Indian PAV shows poor efficacy in neutralizing the lethality and toxicity of venom from the same sp...

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Autores principales:	Aparup Patra, Bhargab Kalita, Milind V. Khadilkar, Nitin C. Salvi, Pravin V. Shelke, Ashis K. Mukherjee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/725e566ca49f47b3881f135a01a47c6e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:725e566ca49f47b3881f135a01a47c6e2021-12-02T18:33:46ZAssessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka10.1038/s41598-021-97501-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/725e566ca49f47b3881f135a01a47c6e2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97501-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Snake envenomation is a severe problem in Sri Lanka (SL) and Indian polyvalent antivenom (PAV) is mostly used for treating snakebite albeit due to geographical variation in venom composition, Indian PAV shows poor efficacy in neutralizing the lethality and toxicity of venom from the same species of snakes in SL. Therefore, the quality and in vivo venom neutralization potency of a country-specific PAV produced against the venom of the five most medically important snakes of SL (Daboia russelii, Echis carinatus, Hypnale hypnale, Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus) was assessed. LC-MS/MS analysis of two batches of PAV showed the presence of 88.7–97.2% IgG and traces of other plasma proteins. The tested PAVs contained minor amounts of undigested IgG and F(ab′)2 aggregates, showed complement activation, were devoid of IgE, endotoxin, and content of preservative was below the threshold level. Immunological cross-reactivity and in vitro neutralization of enzymatic activities, pharmacological properties demonstrated superior efficacy of SL PAV compared to Indian PAV against SL snake venoms. The in vivo neutralization study showed that the tested PAVs are potent to neutralize the lethality and venom-induced toxicity of SL snake venoms. Therefore, our study suggests that introduction of SL-specific PAV will improve snakebite management in SL.Aparup PatraBhargab KalitaMilind V. KhadilkarNitin C. SalviPravin V. ShelkeAshis K. MukherjeeNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Aparup Patra Bhargab Kalita Milind V. Khadilkar Nitin C. Salvi Pravin V. Shelke Ashis K. Mukherjee Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka
description	Abstract Snake envenomation is a severe problem in Sri Lanka (SL) and Indian polyvalent antivenom (PAV) is mostly used for treating snakebite albeit due to geographical variation in venom composition, Indian PAV shows poor efficacy in neutralizing the lethality and toxicity of venom from the same species of snakes in SL. Therefore, the quality and in vivo venom neutralization potency of a country-specific PAV produced against the venom of the five most medically important snakes of SL (Daboia russelii, Echis carinatus, Hypnale hypnale, Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus) was assessed. LC-MS/MS analysis of two batches of PAV showed the presence of 88.7–97.2% IgG and traces of other plasma proteins. The tested PAVs contained minor amounts of undigested IgG and F(ab′)2 aggregates, showed complement activation, were devoid of IgE, endotoxin, and content of preservative was below the threshold level. Immunological cross-reactivity and in vitro neutralization of enzymatic activities, pharmacological properties demonstrated superior efficacy of SL PAV compared to Indian PAV against SL snake venoms. The in vivo neutralization study showed that the tested PAVs are potent to neutralize the lethality and venom-induced toxicity of SL snake venoms. Therefore, our study suggests that introduction of SL-specific PAV will improve snakebite management in SL.
format	article
author	Aparup Patra Bhargab Kalita Milind V. Khadilkar Nitin C. Salvi Pravin V. Shelke Ashis K. Mukherjee
author_facet	Aparup Patra Bhargab Kalita Milind V. Khadilkar Nitin C. Salvi Pravin V. Shelke Ashis K. Mukherjee
author_sort	Aparup Patra
title	Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka
title_short	Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka
title_full	Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka
title_fullStr	Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka
title_sort	assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of sri lanka
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/725e566ca49f47b3881f135a01a47c6e
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Assessment of quality and pre-clinical efficacy of a newly developed polyvalent antivenom against the medically important snakes of Sri Lanka

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