Molecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.

The primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family encodes versatile endogenous cationic and amphipathic peptides that have broad-spectrum antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. Although previous studies have reported that α-/θ-defensin (DEFA/DEFT) genes are under birth-and-death evolution with f...

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Autores principales:	Dong-Qiang Cheng, Ying Li, Jing-Fei Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/726a155c4fe24ba0b3ca7d584b428e5e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:726a155c4fe24ba0b3ca7d584b428e5e2021-11-18T08:19:43ZMolecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0097425https://doaj.org/article/726a155c4fe24ba0b3ca7d584b428e5e2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24819937/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family encodes versatile endogenous cationic and amphipathic peptides that have broad-spectrum antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. Although previous studies have reported that α-/θ-defensin (DEFA/DEFT) genes are under birth-and-death evolution with frequent duplication and rapid evolution, the phylogenetic relationships of the primate DEFA/DEFT genes; the genetic bases for the existence of similar antimicrobial spectra among closely related species; and the evolutionary processes involved in the emergence of cyclic θ-defensins in Old World monkeys and their subsequent loss of function in humans, chimpanzees and gorillas require further investigation. In this study, the DEFA/DEFT gene repertoires from primate and treeshrew were collected, followed by detailed phylogenetic, sequence and structure, selection pressure and comparative genomics analyses. All treeshrew, prosimian and simian DEFA/DEFT genes are grouped into two major clades, which are tissue-specific for enteric and myeloid defensins in simians. The simian enteric and myeloid α-defensins are classified into six functional gene clusters with diverged sequences, variable structures, altered functional constraints and different selection pressures, which likely reflect the antimicrobial spectra among closely related species. Species-specific duplication or pseudogenization within each simian cluster implies that the antimicrobial spectrum is ever-shifting, most likely challenged by the ever-changing pathogen environment. The DEFT evolved from the myeloid DEFA8. The prosegment of θ-defensin is detected with adaptive changes coevolving with the new protein fold of mature peptide, coincident with the importance of the prosegment for the correct folding of the mature peptide. Lastly, a less-is-hitchhiking hypothesis was proposed as a possible explanation for the expansion of pseudogene DEFTP and the loss of functional DEFT, where the gain or loss of the hitchhiker is determined by its adjacent driver gene during the birth-and-death evolutionary process.Dong-Qiang ChengYing LiJing-Fei HuangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 5, p e97425 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Dong-Qiang Cheng Ying Li Jing-Fei Huang Molecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.
description	The primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family encodes versatile endogenous cationic and amphipathic peptides that have broad-spectrum antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. Although previous studies have reported that α-/θ-defensin (DEFA/DEFT) genes are under birth-and-death evolution with frequent duplication and rapid evolution, the phylogenetic relationships of the primate DEFA/DEFT genes; the genetic bases for the existence of similar antimicrobial spectra among closely related species; and the evolutionary processes involved in the emergence of cyclic θ-defensins in Old World monkeys and their subsequent loss of function in humans, chimpanzees and gorillas require further investigation. In this study, the DEFA/DEFT gene repertoires from primate and treeshrew were collected, followed by detailed phylogenetic, sequence and structure, selection pressure and comparative genomics analyses. All treeshrew, prosimian and simian DEFA/DEFT genes are grouped into two major clades, which are tissue-specific for enteric and myeloid defensins in simians. The simian enteric and myeloid α-defensins are classified into six functional gene clusters with diverged sequences, variable structures, altered functional constraints and different selection pressures, which likely reflect the antimicrobial spectra among closely related species. Species-specific duplication or pseudogenization within each simian cluster implies that the antimicrobial spectrum is ever-shifting, most likely challenged by the ever-changing pathogen environment. The DEFT evolved from the myeloid DEFA8. The prosegment of θ-defensin is detected with adaptive changes coevolving with the new protein fold of mature peptide, coincident with the importance of the prosegment for the correct folding of the mature peptide. Lastly, a less-is-hitchhiking hypothesis was proposed as a possible explanation for the expansion of pseudogene DEFTP and the loss of functional DEFT, where the gain or loss of the hitchhiker is determined by its adjacent driver gene during the birth-and-death evolutionary process.
format	article
author	Dong-Qiang Cheng Ying Li Jing-Fei Huang
author_facet	Dong-Qiang Cheng Ying Li Jing-Fei Huang
author_sort	Dong-Qiang Cheng
title	Molecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.
title_short	Molecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.
title_full	Molecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.
title_fullStr	Molecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.
title_sort	molecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/726a155c4fe24ba0b3ca7d584b428e5e
work_keys_str_mv	AT dongqiangcheng molecularevolutionoftheprimateathdefensinmultigenefamily AT yingli molecularevolutionoftheprimateathdefensinmultigenefamily AT jingfeihuang molecularevolutionoftheprimateathdefensinmultigenefamily
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Molecular evolution of the primate α-/θ-defensin multigene family.

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