A Single Chromosome Unexpectedly Links Highly Divergent Isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content>

ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can cause disease in all warm-blooded animals studied to date, including humans. Over a billion people have been infected with this parasite worldwide. In Europe and North America, Toxoplasma has a clonal population structure, whe...

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Autores principales:	Katelyn A. Walzer, Jon P. Boyle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2012
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/727d306826e14af6bdc028050e30671d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:727d306826e14af6bdc028050e30671d2021-11-15T15:39:03ZA Single Chromosome Unexpectedly Links Highly Divergent Isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content>10.1128/mBio.00284-112150-7511https://doaj.org/article/727d306826e14af6bdc028050e30671d2012-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00284-11https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can cause disease in all warm-blooded animals studied to date, including humans. Over a billion people have been infected with this parasite worldwide. In Europe and North America, Toxoplasma has a clonal population structure, where only three lineages are highly dominant (strain types I, II, and III). Khan et al. [mBio 2(6): e00228-11, 2011] have carried out phylogenetic analyses on a large number of diverse strains from outside of these lineages and found evidence for a significant split between the clonal North American/European lineages and those in South America. In contrast to most of the genome, nearly all North American/European strains sampled, and the majority of South American strains sampled, harbored at least portions of a monomorphic chromosome Ia (Ia). In contrast to previous models, these data suggest that the monomorphic haplotype originated in South America and migrated to the North. These authors propose that South American haplotype 12 was a precursor to modern-day type II, while South American haplotypes 6 and 9 crossed with haplotype 12 to give rise to the type I and III lineages, respectively. However, the findings reported by Khan et al. complicate the origin of chromosome Ia, since there are members of haplotypes 9 and 12 with nearly complete versions of Ia and members of haplotypes 6 and 12 with over 50% of Ia*. This unexpected finding raises exciting new questions about how an entire common chromosome can be found within strains that are highly divergent at most other genomic loci.Katelyn A. WalzerJon P. BoyleAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 3, Iss 1 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Katelyn A. Walzer Jon P. Boyle A Single Chromosome Unexpectedly Links Highly Divergent Isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can cause disease in all warm-blooded animals studied to date, including humans. Over a billion people have been infected with this parasite worldwide. In Europe and North America, Toxoplasma has a clonal population structure, where only three lineages are highly dominant (strain types I, II, and III). Khan et al. [mBio 2(6): e00228-11, 2011] have carried out phylogenetic analyses on a large number of diverse strains from outside of these lineages and found evidence for a significant split between the clonal North American/European lineages and those in South America. In contrast to most of the genome, nearly all North American/European strains sampled, and the majority of South American strains sampled, harbored at least portions of a monomorphic chromosome Ia (Ia). In contrast to previous models, these data suggest that the monomorphic haplotype originated in South America and migrated to the North. These authors propose that South American haplotype 12 was a precursor to modern-day type II, while South American haplotypes 6 and 9 crossed with haplotype 12 to give rise to the type I and III lineages, respectively. However, the findings reported by Khan et al. complicate the origin of chromosome Ia, since there are members of haplotypes 9 and 12 with nearly complete versions of Ia and members of haplotypes 6 and 12 with over 50% of Ia*. This unexpected finding raises exciting new questions about how an entire common chromosome can be found within strains that are highly divergent at most other genomic loci.
format	article
author	Katelyn A. Walzer Jon P. Boyle
author_facet	Katelyn A. Walzer Jon P. Boyle
author_sort	Katelyn A. Walzer
title	A Single Chromosome Unexpectedly Links Highly Divergent Isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content>
title_short	A Single Chromosome Unexpectedly Links Highly Divergent Isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content>
title_full	A Single Chromosome Unexpectedly Links Highly Divergent Isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content>
title_fullStr	A Single Chromosome Unexpectedly Links Highly Divergent Isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	A Single Chromosome Unexpectedly Links Highly Divergent Isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content>
title_sort	single chromosome unexpectedly links highly divergent isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">toxoplasma gondii</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/727d306826e14af6bdc028050e30671d
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A Single Chromosome Unexpectedly Links Highly Divergent Isolates of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content>

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