Stratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication

Increasing demand for poultry products has led to an intensification of concentrated poultry feeding operations resulting in the generation of enormous amounts of poultry litter (PL). For example, in 2017 the southeastern U.S. alone generated 9.35 million U.S. tons of broiler litter. Repeated applic...

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Autores principales:	Debolina Chakraborty, Rishi Prasad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Poultry litter Phosphorus Phosphorus stratification Phosphorus fractionation Phosphorus saturation ratio Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7288b3cad5a14c7b88290b0c82a688a7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7288b3cad5a14c7b88290b0c82a688a72021-11-24T04:35:20ZStratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication2667-010010.1016/j.envc.2021.100374https://doaj.org/article/7288b3cad5a14c7b88290b0c82a688a72021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010021003486https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0100Increasing demand for poultry products has led to an intensification of concentrated poultry feeding operations resulting in the generation of enormous amounts of poultry litter (PL). For example, in 2017 the southeastern U.S. alone generated 9.35 million U.S. tons of broiler litter. Repeated applications of PL along with no-till practices in agricultural fields located in high-density poultry operation regions often result in buildup of soil phosphorus (P) and raise environmental concerns. Less is known about how P forms such as highly reactive P (HRP), moderately reactive P (MRP), and non-reactive P (NRP) are stratified in soil layers and their potential environmental P loss risk in no-till agricultural lands that have a long-term history of PL applications. The objectives of this study were 1) to quantify the vertically distributed P forms in distinct soil depths; 2) identify the relationship between P forms and extractable P, and 3) understand the relationship between different P forms and the P saturation ratio (PSR) in PL impacted soils. Soil samples from the Madison series (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) with an average 10-year PL application history on no-till agricultural fields were collected from four depths (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm) and P forms were determined using Hedley fractionation procedure. The P forms were found highly stratified within the soil layers, where the surface soils (0–5 cm) had an average of 20% of total P present in HRP, 50% in MRP, and 30% in NRP. The percentages of HRP and MRP forms decreased significantly and NRP became the dominant P form down the soil depth (15–30 and 30–45 cm). Multiple regression analysis indicated oxalate extractable P (Ox-P) represented all the three P forms (HRP, MRP, and NRP) and can be used as an index of long-term P availability. The PSR decreased down the soil profile and was linearly associated with HRP and MRP but not with NRP. Subsurface application of PL in regions where repeated loadings cannot be avoided would require careful evaluation of distinct P forms (reactive vs. non-reactive) along with the determination of soil PSR for the subsurface soil depths.Debolina ChakrabortyRishi PrasadElsevierarticlePoultry litterPhosphorusPhosphorus stratificationPhosphorus fractionationPhosphorus saturation ratioEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENEnvironmental Challenges, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100374- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Poultry litter Phosphorus Phosphorus stratification Phosphorus fractionation Phosphorus saturation ratio Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Poultry litter Phosphorus Phosphorus stratification Phosphorus fractionation Phosphorus saturation ratio Environmental sciences GE1-350 Debolina Chakraborty Rishi Prasad Stratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication
description	Increasing demand for poultry products has led to an intensification of concentrated poultry feeding operations resulting in the generation of enormous amounts of poultry litter (PL). For example, in 2017 the southeastern U.S. alone generated 9.35 million U.S. tons of broiler litter. Repeated applications of PL along with no-till practices in agricultural fields located in high-density poultry operation regions often result in buildup of soil phosphorus (P) and raise environmental concerns. Less is known about how P forms such as highly reactive P (HRP), moderately reactive P (MRP), and non-reactive P (NRP) are stratified in soil layers and their potential environmental P loss risk in no-till agricultural lands that have a long-term history of PL applications. The objectives of this study were 1) to quantify the vertically distributed P forms in distinct soil depths; 2) identify the relationship between P forms and extractable P, and 3) understand the relationship between different P forms and the P saturation ratio (PSR) in PL impacted soils. Soil samples from the Madison series (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) with an average 10-year PL application history on no-till agricultural fields were collected from four depths (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm) and P forms were determined using Hedley fractionation procedure. The P forms were found highly stratified within the soil layers, where the surface soils (0–5 cm) had an average of 20% of total P present in HRP, 50% in MRP, and 30% in NRP. The percentages of HRP and MRP forms decreased significantly and NRP became the dominant P form down the soil depth (15–30 and 30–45 cm). Multiple regression analysis indicated oxalate extractable P (Ox-P) represented all the three P forms (HRP, MRP, and NRP) and can be used as an index of long-term P availability. The PSR decreased down the soil profile and was linearly associated with HRP and MRP but not with NRP. Subsurface application of PL in regions where repeated loadings cannot be avoided would require careful evaluation of distinct P forms (reactive vs. non-reactive) along with the determination of soil PSR for the subsurface soil depths.
format	article
author	Debolina Chakraborty Rishi Prasad
author_facet	Debolina Chakraborty Rishi Prasad
author_sort	Debolina Chakraborty
title	Stratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication
title_short	Stratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication
title_full	Stratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication
title_fullStr	Stratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication
title_full_unstemmed	Stratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication
title_sort	stratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7288b3cad5a14c7b88290b0c82a688a7
work_keys_str_mv	AT debolinachakraborty stratificationofsoilphosphorusformsfromlongtermrepeatedpoultrylitterapplicationsanditsenvironmentalimplication AT rishiprasad stratificationofsoilphosphorusformsfromlongtermrepeatedpoultrylitterapplicationsanditsenvironmentalimplication
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Stratification of soil phosphorus forms from long-term repeated poultry litter applications and its environmental implication

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