Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.

Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravi...

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Autores principales:	Álvaro Montesinos, Chris Dardick, María José Rubio-Cabetas, Jérôme Grimplet
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/728b0345151e40d0bff90924acad1314
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:728b0345151e40d0bff90924acad13142021-12-02T20:13:43ZPolymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0252001https://doaj.org/article/728b0345151e40d0bff90924acad13142021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252001https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravitropism sensing is crucial to control the branch angle and therefore, the tree habit. A gene family, denominated IGT family after a shared conserved domain, has been described as involved in the regulation of branch angle in several species, including rice and Arabidopsis, and even in fruit trees like peach. Here we identified six members of this family in almond: LAZY1, LAZY2, TAC1, DRO1, DRO2, IGT-like. After analyzing their protein sequences in forty-one almond cultivars and wild species, little variability was found, pointing a high degree of conservation in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze the diversity of IGT family proteins in members of the same tree species. Gene expression was analyzed in fourteen cultivars of agronomical interest comprising diverse tree habit phenotypes. Only LAZY1, LAZY2 and TAC1 were expressed in almond shoot tips during the growing season. No relation could be established between the expression profile of these genes and the variability observed in the tree habit. However, some insight has been gained in how LAZY1 and LAZY2 are regulated, identifying the IPA1 almond homologues and other transcription factors involved in hormonal responses as regulators of their expression. Besides, we have found various polymorphisms that could not be discarded as involved in a potential polygenic origin of regulation of architectural phenotypes. Therefore, we have established that neither the expression nor the genetic polymorphism of IGT family genes are correlated to diversity of tree habit in currently commercialized almond cultivars, with other gene families contributing to the variability of these traits.Álvaro MontesinosChris DardickMaría José Rubio-CabetasJérôme GrimpletPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0252001 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Álvaro Montesinos Chris Dardick María José Rubio-Cabetas Jérôme Grimplet Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.
description	Almond breeding programs aimed at selecting cultivars adapted to intensive orchards have recently focused on the optimization of tree architecture. This multifactorial trait is defined by numerous components controlled by processes such as hormonal responses, gravitropism and light perception. Gravitropism sensing is crucial to control the branch angle and therefore, the tree habit. A gene family, denominated IGT family after a shared conserved domain, has been described as involved in the regulation of branch angle in several species, including rice and Arabidopsis, and even in fruit trees like peach. Here we identified six members of this family in almond: LAZY1, LAZY2, TAC1, DRO1, DRO2, IGT-like. After analyzing their protein sequences in forty-one almond cultivars and wild species, little variability was found, pointing a high degree of conservation in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to analyze the diversity of IGT family proteins in members of the same tree species. Gene expression was analyzed in fourteen cultivars of agronomical interest comprising diverse tree habit phenotypes. Only LAZY1, LAZY2 and TAC1 were expressed in almond shoot tips during the growing season. No relation could be established between the expression profile of these genes and the variability observed in the tree habit. However, some insight has been gained in how LAZY1 and LAZY2 are regulated, identifying the IPA1 almond homologues and other transcription factors involved in hormonal responses as regulators of their expression. Besides, we have found various polymorphisms that could not be discarded as involved in a potential polygenic origin of regulation of architectural phenotypes. Therefore, we have established that neither the expression nor the genetic polymorphism of IGT family genes are correlated to diversity of tree habit in currently commercialized almond cultivars, with other gene families contributing to the variability of these traits.
format	article
author	Álvaro Montesinos Chris Dardick María José Rubio-Cabetas Jérôme Grimplet
author_facet	Álvaro Montesinos Chris Dardick María José Rubio-Cabetas Jérôme Grimplet
author_sort	Álvaro Montesinos
title	Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.
title_short	Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.
title_full	Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.
title_fullStr	Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.
title_full_unstemmed	Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.
title_sort	polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond igt family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/728b0345151e40d0bff90924acad1314
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Polymorphisms and gene expression in the almond IGT family are not correlated to variability in growth habit in major commercial almond cultivars.

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