Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity

Sirtuins may counteract at least six hallmarks of organismal aging: neurodegeneration, chronic but ineffective inflammatory response, metabolic syndrome, DNA damage, genome instability, and cancer incidence. Moreover, caloric restriction is believed to slow down aging by boosting the activity of som...

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Autores principales:	Mateusz Watroba, Dariusz Szukiewicz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	sirtuins anti-aging mechanisms caloric restriction neurodegeneration prevention metabolic austerity anti-inflammatory action Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7296913a55704a629dce99fdfc3bd42e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7296913a55704a629dce99fdfc3bd42e2021-12-01T02:25:29ZSirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity1664-042X10.3389/fphys.2021.724506https://doaj.org/article/7296913a55704a629dce99fdfc3bd42e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.724506/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XSirtuins may counteract at least six hallmarks of organismal aging: neurodegeneration, chronic but ineffective inflammatory response, metabolic syndrome, DNA damage, genome instability, and cancer incidence. Moreover, caloric restriction is believed to slow down aging by boosting the activity of some sirtuins through activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thus raising the level of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by stimulating NAD+ biosynthesis. Sirtuins and their downstream effectors induce intracellular signaling pathways related to a moderate caloric restriction within cells, mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell senescence phenotype (CSP) induction, and apoptosis as forms of the cellular stress response. Instead, it can promote DNA damage repair and survival of cells with normal, completely functional phenotypes. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of sirtuins action toward cell-conserving phenotype associated with intracellular signaling pathways related to moderate caloric restriction, as well as some tissue-specific functions of sirtuins, especially in the central nervous system, heart muscle, skeletal muscles, liver, kidneys, white adipose tissue, hematopoietic system, and immune system. In this context, we discuss the possibility of new therapeutic approaches.Mateusz WatrobaDariusz SzukiewiczFrontiers Media S.A.articlesirtuinsanti-aging mechanismscaloric restrictionneurodegeneration preventionmetabolic austerityanti-inflammatory actionPhysiologyQP1-981ENFrontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sirtuins anti-aging mechanisms caloric restriction neurodegeneration prevention metabolic austerity anti-inflammatory action Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	sirtuins anti-aging mechanisms caloric restriction neurodegeneration prevention metabolic austerity anti-inflammatory action Physiology QP1-981 Mateusz Watroba Dariusz Szukiewicz Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity
description	Sirtuins may counteract at least six hallmarks of organismal aging: neurodegeneration, chronic but ineffective inflammatory response, metabolic syndrome, DNA damage, genome instability, and cancer incidence. Moreover, caloric restriction is believed to slow down aging by boosting the activity of some sirtuins through activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thus raising the level of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by stimulating NAD+ biosynthesis. Sirtuins and their downstream effectors induce intracellular signaling pathways related to a moderate caloric restriction within cells, mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell senescence phenotype (CSP) induction, and apoptosis as forms of the cellular stress response. Instead, it can promote DNA damage repair and survival of cells with normal, completely functional phenotypes. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of sirtuins action toward cell-conserving phenotype associated with intracellular signaling pathways related to moderate caloric restriction, as well as some tissue-specific functions of sirtuins, especially in the central nervous system, heart muscle, skeletal muscles, liver, kidneys, white adipose tissue, hematopoietic system, and immune system. In this context, we discuss the possibility of new therapeutic approaches.
format	article
author	Mateusz Watroba Dariusz Szukiewicz
author_facet	Mateusz Watroba Dariusz Szukiewicz
author_sort	Mateusz Watroba
title	Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity
title_short	Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity
title_full	Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity
title_fullStr	Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity
title_full_unstemmed	Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity
title_sort	sirtuins at the service of healthy longevity
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7296913a55704a629dce99fdfc3bd42e
work_keys_str_mv	AT mateuszwatroba sirtuinsattheserviceofhealthylongevity AT dariuszszukiewicz sirtuinsattheserviceofhealthylongevity
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Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity

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