Epidemiological trends of Lassa fever in Nigeria from 2015-2021: A review

Introduction: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever with non-specific symptoms that has shown an upward trend in Nigeria and other West African countries, which is depicted by high incidence and case fatality in recent years. There are different reports on the yearly case burden of Lassa fever f...

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Autores principales:	John-Ugwuanya A. Grace PhD, Ifunanya J. Egoh MSc, Nnenna Udensi MSc
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SAGE Publishing 2021
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7296fcae47e64474bd9afa83f9ef9824
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7296fcae47e64474bd9afa83f9ef98242021-11-30T23:35:54ZEpidemiological trends of Lassa fever in Nigeria from 2015-2021: A review2049-937X10.1177/20499361211058252https://doaj.org/article/7296fcae47e64474bd9afa83f9ef98242021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1177/20499361211058252https://doaj.org/toc/2049-937XIntroduction: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever with non-specific symptoms that has shown an upward trend in Nigeria and other West African countries, which is depicted by high incidence and case fatality in recent years. There are different reports on the yearly case burden of Lassa fever from the Federal Ministry of Health in Nigeria, through the regulatory body – Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). Being the epicentre of the disease, Lassa fever has been exported from Nigeria to both neighbouring and distant countries.Methods: The aim of this review was to carry out a retrospective analysis from January 2015 to 26 September 2021 of the weekly and yearly outbreak of Lassa fever in Nigeria based on selected publications. The focus was on timely diagnosis, treatment option, public health interventions and progress of clinical trials for vaccine candidates, and to identify proactive measures that can be sustained to curb periodic outbreaks. The review was done using percentages, cross-tabulation and graphical charts. Results: The predominant age group infected was 21 to 40 years with a male to female ratio of 1:0.8. A total of 3311 laboratory-confirmed Lassa fever cases out of 20,588 suspected cases were identified from 29 states. Edo, Ondo, Taraba, Ebonyi, Bauchi, Plateau and Nasarawa had yearly Lassa fever incidence over the time frame considered. Contact tracing was done on over 33,804 individuals with about 90% completing follow-up. Case fatality rate within the period ranged from 9.3% to 29.2%. There is a sharp decline in the epidemiological trend of Lassa fever in the yearly seasonal peaks from weeks 1 to 13 with about 75% reduction in incidence between 2020 and 2021. Conclusion: The effective management of Lassa fever needs the implementation of preventive methods, prompt laboratory diagnosis, timely treatment, provision of personal protective equipment, cross-border surveillance, contact tracing, community awareness and vector control in order to minimise spread.John-Ugwuanya A. Grace PhDIfunanya J. Egoh MScNnenna Udensi MScSAGE PublishingarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENTherapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 John-Ugwuanya A. Grace PhD Ifunanya J. Egoh MSc Nnenna Udensi MSc Epidemiological trends of Lassa fever in Nigeria from 2015-2021: A review
description	Introduction: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever with non-specific symptoms that has shown an upward trend in Nigeria and other West African countries, which is depicted by high incidence and case fatality in recent years. There are different reports on the yearly case burden of Lassa fever from the Federal Ministry of Health in Nigeria, through the regulatory body – Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). Being the epicentre of the disease, Lassa fever has been exported from Nigeria to both neighbouring and distant countries.Methods: The aim of this review was to carry out a retrospective analysis from January 2015 to 26 September 2021 of the weekly and yearly outbreak of Lassa fever in Nigeria based on selected publications. The focus was on timely diagnosis, treatment option, public health interventions and progress of clinical trials for vaccine candidates, and to identify proactive measures that can be sustained to curb periodic outbreaks. The review was done using percentages, cross-tabulation and graphical charts. Results: The predominant age group infected was 21 to 40 years with a male to female ratio of 1:0.8. A total of 3311 laboratory-confirmed Lassa fever cases out of 20,588 suspected cases were identified from 29 states. Edo, Ondo, Taraba, Ebonyi, Bauchi, Plateau and Nasarawa had yearly Lassa fever incidence over the time frame considered. Contact tracing was done on over 33,804 individuals with about 90% completing follow-up. Case fatality rate within the period ranged from 9.3% to 29.2%. There is a sharp decline in the epidemiological trend of Lassa fever in the yearly seasonal peaks from weeks 1 to 13 with about 75% reduction in incidence between 2020 and 2021. Conclusion: The effective management of Lassa fever needs the implementation of preventive methods, prompt laboratory diagnosis, timely treatment, provision of personal protective equipment, cross-border surveillance, contact tracing, community awareness and vector control in order to minimise spread.
format	article
author	John-Ugwuanya A. Grace PhD Ifunanya J. Egoh MSc Nnenna Udensi MSc
author_facet	John-Ugwuanya A. Grace PhD Ifunanya J. Egoh MSc Nnenna Udensi MSc
author_sort	John-Ugwuanya A. Grace PhD
title	Epidemiological trends of Lassa fever in Nigeria from 2015-2021: A review
title_short	Epidemiological trends of Lassa fever in Nigeria from 2015-2021: A review
title_full	Epidemiological trends of Lassa fever in Nigeria from 2015-2021: A review
title_fullStr	Epidemiological trends of Lassa fever in Nigeria from 2015-2021: A review
title_full_unstemmed	Epidemiological trends of Lassa fever in Nigeria from 2015-2021: A review
title_sort	epidemiological trends of lassa fever in nigeria from 2015-2021: a review
publisher	SAGE Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7296fcae47e64474bd9afa83f9ef9824
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Epidemiological trends of Lassa fever in Nigeria from 2015-2021: A review

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