Soil moisture remote sensing using SIW cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber

Abstract Continuous and accurate sensing of water content in soil is an essential and useful measure in the agriculture industry. Traditional sensors developed to perform this task suffer from limited lifetime and also need to be calibrated regularly. Further, maintenance, support, and deployment of...

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Autores principales:	Majid Amiri, Mehran Abolhasan, Negin Shariati, Justin Lipman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/72cf07bb87654fea9a142298516d0dc4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:72cf07bb87654fea9a142298516d0dc42021-12-02T13:27:08ZSoil moisture remote sensing using SIW cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber10.1038/s41598-021-86194-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/72cf07bb87654fea9a142298516d0dc42021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86194-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Continuous and accurate sensing of water content in soil is an essential and useful measure in the agriculture industry. Traditional sensors developed to perform this task suffer from limited lifetime and also need to be calibrated regularly. Further, maintenance, support, and deployment of these sensors in remote environments provide additional challenges to the use of conventional soil moisture sensors. In this paper, a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) based soil moisture sensor is introduced. The ability of MPAs to absorb electromagnetic signals with near 100% efficiency facilitates the design of highly accurate and low-profile radio frequency passive sensors. MPA based sensor can be fabricated from highly durable materials and can therefore be made more resilient than traditional sensors. High resolution sensing is achieved through the creation of physical channels in the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity. The proposed sensor does not require connection for both electromagnetic signals or for adding a testing sample. Importantly, an external power supply is not needed, making the MPA based sensor the perfect solution for remote and passive sensing in modern agriculture. The proposed MPA based sensor has three absorption bands due to the various resonance modes of the SIW cavity. By changing the soil moisture level, the absorption peak shifts by 10 MHz, 23.3 MHz, and 60 MHz, which is correlated with the water content percentage at the first, second and third absorption bands, respectively. Finally, a $$6 \times 6$$ 6 × 6 cell array with a total size of $$312 \,\hbox {mm} \times 312 \,\hbox {mm}$$ 312 mm × 312 mm has been fabricated and tested. A strong correlation between measurement and simulation results validates the design procedure.Majid AmiriMehran AbolhasanNegin ShariatiJustin LipmanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Majid Amiri Mehran Abolhasan Negin Shariati Justin Lipman Soil moisture remote sensing using SIW cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber
description	Abstract Continuous and accurate sensing of water content in soil is an essential and useful measure in the agriculture industry. Traditional sensors developed to perform this task suffer from limited lifetime and also need to be calibrated regularly. Further, maintenance, support, and deployment of these sensors in remote environments provide additional challenges to the use of conventional soil moisture sensors. In this paper, a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) based soil moisture sensor is introduced. The ability of MPAs to absorb electromagnetic signals with near 100% efficiency facilitates the design of highly accurate and low-profile radio frequency passive sensors. MPA based sensor can be fabricated from highly durable materials and can therefore be made more resilient than traditional sensors. High resolution sensing is achieved through the creation of physical channels in the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity. The proposed sensor does not require connection for both electromagnetic signals or for adding a testing sample. Importantly, an external power supply is not needed, making the MPA based sensor the perfect solution for remote and passive sensing in modern agriculture. The proposed MPA based sensor has three absorption bands due to the various resonance modes of the SIW cavity. By changing the soil moisture level, the absorption peak shifts by 10 MHz, 23.3 MHz, and 60 MHz, which is correlated with the water content percentage at the first, second and third absorption bands, respectively. Finally, a $$6 \times 6$$ 6 × 6 cell array with a total size of $$312 \,\hbox {mm} \times 312 \,\hbox {mm}$$ 312 mm × 312 mm has been fabricated and tested. A strong correlation between measurement and simulation results validates the design procedure.
format	article
author	Majid Amiri Mehran Abolhasan Negin Shariati Justin Lipman
author_facet	Majid Amiri Mehran Abolhasan Negin Shariati Justin Lipman
author_sort	Majid Amiri
title	Soil moisture remote sensing using SIW cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber
title_short	Soil moisture remote sensing using SIW cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber
title_full	Soil moisture remote sensing using SIW cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber
title_fullStr	Soil moisture remote sensing using SIW cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber
title_full_unstemmed	Soil moisture remote sensing using SIW cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber
title_sort	soil moisture remote sensing using siw cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/72cf07bb87654fea9a142298516d0dc4
work_keys_str_mv	AT majidamiri soilmoistureremotesensingusingsiwcavitybasedmetamaterialperfectabsorber AT mehranabolhasan soilmoistureremotesensingusingsiwcavitybasedmetamaterialperfectabsorber AT neginshariati soilmoistureremotesensingusingsiwcavitybasedmetamaterialperfectabsorber AT justinlipman soilmoistureremotesensingusingsiwcavitybasedmetamaterialperfectabsorber
_version_	1718393038145847296

Soil moisture remote sensing using SIW cavity based metamaterial perfect absorber

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