SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses

Neutralizing antibody responses of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients may be low and of short duration. We propose here that coronaviruses employ a structural strategy to avoid strong and enduring antibody responses. Other viruses induce optimal and long-lived neutralizing antibody responses, thanks to 20...

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Autores principales:	Martin F. Bachmann, Mona O. Mohsen, Lisha Zha, Monique Vogel, Daniel E. Speiser
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7313fd10fc4641f6969e99ac1f05398f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7313fd10fc4641f6969e99ac1f05398f2021-12-02T15:08:21ZSARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses10.1038/s41541-020-00264-62059-0105https://doaj.org/article/7313fd10fc4641f6969e99ac1f05398f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-00264-6https://doaj.org/toc/2059-0105Neutralizing antibody responses of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients may be low and of short duration. We propose here that coronaviruses employ a structural strategy to avoid strong and enduring antibody responses. Other viruses induce optimal and long-lived neutralizing antibody responses, thanks to 20 or more repetitive, rigid antigenic epitopes, spaced by 5–10 nm, present on the viral surface. Such arrays of repetitive and highly organized structures are recognized by the immune system as pathogen-associated structural patterns (PASPs), which are characteristic for pathogen surfaces. In contrast, coronaviruses are large particles with long spikes (S protein) embedded in a fluid membrane. Therefore, the neutralizing epitopes (which are on the S protein) are loosely “floating” and widely spaced by an average of about 25 nm. Consequently, recruitment of complement is poor and stimulation of B cells remains suboptimal, offering an explanation for the inefficient and short-lived neutralizing antibody responses.Martin F. BachmannMona O. MohsenLisha ZhaMonique VogelDaniel E. SpeiserNature PortfolioarticleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENnpj Vaccines, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-5 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Martin F. Bachmann Mona O. Mohsen Lisha Zha Monique Vogel Daniel E. Speiser SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses
description	Neutralizing antibody responses of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients may be low and of short duration. We propose here that coronaviruses employ a structural strategy to avoid strong and enduring antibody responses. Other viruses induce optimal and long-lived neutralizing antibody responses, thanks to 20 or more repetitive, rigid antigenic epitopes, spaced by 5–10 nm, present on the viral surface. Such arrays of repetitive and highly organized structures are recognized by the immune system as pathogen-associated structural patterns (PASPs), which are characteristic for pathogen surfaces. In contrast, coronaviruses are large particles with long spikes (S protein) embedded in a fluid membrane. Therefore, the neutralizing epitopes (which are on the S protein) are loosely “floating” and widely spaced by an average of about 25 nm. Consequently, recruitment of complement is poor and stimulation of B cells remains suboptimal, offering an explanation for the inefficient and short-lived neutralizing antibody responses.
format	article
author	Martin F. Bachmann Mona O. Mohsen Lisha Zha Monique Vogel Daniel E. Speiser
author_facet	Martin F. Bachmann Mona O. Mohsen Lisha Zha Monique Vogel Daniel E. Speiser
author_sort	Martin F. Bachmann
title	SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses
title_short	SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses
title_full	SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses
title_fullStr	SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses
title_full_unstemmed	SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses
title_sort	sars-cov-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7313fd10fc4641f6969e99ac1f05398f
work_keys_str_mv	AT martinfbachmann sarscov2structuralfeaturesmayexplainlimitedneutralizingantibodyresponses AT monaomohsen sarscov2structuralfeaturesmayexplainlimitedneutralizingantibodyresponses AT lishazha sarscov2structuralfeaturesmayexplainlimitedneutralizingantibodyresponses AT moniquevogel sarscov2structuralfeaturesmayexplainlimitedneutralizingantibodyresponses AT danielespeiser sarscov2structuralfeaturesmayexplainlimitedneutralizingantibodyresponses
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SARS-CoV-2 structural features may explain limited neutralizing-antibody responses

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