Mutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions of Avr3a Cause Gain of Virulence of Phytophthora sojae to Rps3a in Soybean

Phytophthora sojae threatens soybean production worldwide, and the cultivation of soybean cultivars carrying Rps genes is the most effective way to control this pathogen. However, DNA mutations in the Avr genes of P. sojae can escape recognization of the corresponding Rps genes, leading to the loss...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Yanhong Hu, Zhihua He, Yebin Kang, Linkai Cui
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Phytophthora root and stem rot avirulence gene escape mechanism virulence variation DNA mutations molecular markers Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7331ad5b9a98451eb2291a34fc2cb614
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:7331ad5b9a98451eb2291a34fc2cb614
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7331ad5b9a98451eb2291a34fc2cb6142021-11-11T10:20:16ZMutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions of Avr3a Cause Gain of Virulence of Phytophthora sojae to Rps3a in Soybean1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.759196https://doaj.org/article/7331ad5b9a98451eb2291a34fc2cb6142021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.759196/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XPhytophthora sojae threatens soybean production worldwide, and the cultivation of soybean cultivars carrying Rps genes is the most effective way to control this pathogen. However, DNA mutations in the Avr genes of P. sojae can escape recognization of the corresponding Rps genes, leading to the loss of soybean resistance. In this study, we investigated sequence polymorphism and transcript level of the Avr3a gene in Chinese isolates of P. sojae. Twenty-four mutations resulting in five unique Avr3a alleles were discovered in the Avr3a coding region from 32 P. sojae isolates. The Avr3a transcripts were detectable in the isolates containing Avr3a(I), Avr3a(II), Avr3a(III), and Avr3a(IV) but not in the isolates containing Avr3a(V). Promoter and 5'-UTR sequence analysis revealed eight unique mutations in the promoter region of Avr3a(V), suggesting that the mutations could result in the loss of Avr3a(V) transcription. Virulence tests indicated the isolates containing Avr3a(II) and Avr3a(IV) were virulent, suggesting that the mutations in the coding regions of Avr3a(II) and Avr3a(IV) caused the gain of virulence to Rps3a. Based on DNA mutations of Avr3a in virulent alleles, two SNP markers and one PCR-based marker were developed successfully for detecting the virulence of P. sojae isolates to Rps3a. These findings provide new insights into escape mechanisms of Avr3a and effective support for accurate pathotype identification of P. sojae using molecular methods.Yanhong HuZhihua HeYebin KangLinkai CuiFrontiers Media S.A.articlePhytophthora root and stem rotavirulence geneescape mechanismvirulence variationDNA mutationsmolecular markersMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Phytophthora root and stem rot avirulence gene escape mechanism virulence variation DNA mutations molecular markers Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Phytophthora root and stem rot avirulence gene escape mechanism virulence variation DNA mutations molecular markers Microbiology QR1-502 Yanhong Hu Zhihua He Yebin Kang Linkai Cui Mutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions of Avr3a Cause Gain of Virulence of Phytophthora sojae to Rps3a in Soybean
description	Phytophthora sojae threatens soybean production worldwide, and the cultivation of soybean cultivars carrying Rps genes is the most effective way to control this pathogen. However, DNA mutations in the Avr genes of P. sojae can escape recognization of the corresponding Rps genes, leading to the loss of soybean resistance. In this study, we investigated sequence polymorphism and transcript level of the Avr3a gene in Chinese isolates of P. sojae. Twenty-four mutations resulting in five unique Avr3a alleles were discovered in the Avr3a coding region from 32 P. sojae isolates. The Avr3a transcripts were detectable in the isolates containing Avr3a(I), Avr3a(II), Avr3a(III), and Avr3a(IV) but not in the isolates containing Avr3a(V). Promoter and 5'-UTR sequence analysis revealed eight unique mutations in the promoter region of Avr3a(V), suggesting that the mutations could result in the loss of Avr3a(V) transcription. Virulence tests indicated the isolates containing Avr3a(II) and Avr3a(IV) were virulent, suggesting that the mutations in the coding regions of Avr3a(II) and Avr3a(IV) caused the gain of virulence to Rps3a. Based on DNA mutations of Avr3a in virulent alleles, two SNP markers and one PCR-based marker were developed successfully for detecting the virulence of P. sojae isolates to Rps3a. These findings provide new insights into escape mechanisms of Avr3a and effective support for accurate pathotype identification of P. sojae using molecular methods.
format	article
author	Yanhong Hu Zhihua He Yebin Kang Linkai Cui
author_facet	Yanhong Hu Zhihua He Yebin Kang Linkai Cui
author_sort	Yanhong Hu
title	Mutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions of Avr3a Cause Gain of Virulence of Phytophthora sojae to Rps3a in Soybean
title_short	Mutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions of Avr3a Cause Gain of Virulence of Phytophthora sojae to Rps3a in Soybean
title_full	Mutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions of Avr3a Cause Gain of Virulence of Phytophthora sojae to Rps3a in Soybean
title_fullStr	Mutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions of Avr3a Cause Gain of Virulence of Phytophthora sojae to Rps3a in Soybean
title_full_unstemmed	Mutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions of Avr3a Cause Gain of Virulence of Phytophthora sojae to Rps3a in Soybean
title_sort	mutations in the promoter and coding regions of avr3a cause gain of virulence of phytophthora sojae to rps3a in soybean
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/7331ad5b9a98451eb2291a34fc2cb614
work_keys_str_mv	AT yanhonghu mutationsinthepromoterandcodingregionsofavr3acausegainofvirulenceofphytophthorasojaetorps3ainsoybean AT zhihuahe mutationsinthepromoterandcodingregionsofavr3acausegainofvirulenceofphytophthorasojaetorps3ainsoybean AT yebinkang mutationsinthepromoterandcodingregionsofavr3acausegainofvirulenceofphytophthorasojaetorps3ainsoybean AT linkaicui mutationsinthepromoterandcodingregionsofavr3acausegainofvirulenceofphytophthorasojaetorps3ainsoybean
_version_	1718439226912014336

Mutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions of Avr3a Cause Gain of Virulence of Phytophthora sojae to Rps3a in Soybean

Ejemplares similares