Systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective

Andre Farkouh,1 Peter Frigo,2 Martin Czejka1,3 1Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 2Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 3Austrian Society of Applied Pharmacokinetics, Vienna, Aus...

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Autores principales:	Farkouh A, Frigo P, Czejka M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	pharmacokinetics eye drops systemic side effects dosing children Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/7343677b1e854868bb95b89062c1339d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:7343677b1e854868bb95b89062c1339d2021-12-02T08:34:00ZSystemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/7343677b1e854868bb95b89062c1339d2016-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/systemic-side-effects-of-eye-drops-a-pharmacokinetic-perspective-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Andre Farkouh,1 Peter Frigo,2 Martin Czejka1,3 1Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 2Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 3Austrian Society of Applied Pharmacokinetics, Vienna, Austria Abstract: When administering eye drops, even when completely correctly applied, several routes of absorption are possible and excess amounts can sometimes cause an unwanted systemic bioavailability of the drops when not completely absorbed into the eye. Furthermore, the concentration of active ingredients in such medicinal preparations is usually very high, so that despite the correct application of the recommended dose, considerable amounts may be absorbed in an unwanted manner through various routes. Children are subject to a much higher risk of systemic side effects because ocular dosing is not weight adjusted and physiological development (eg, liver status) differs from that of adults. There is a lack of information about pediatric dosing in the current literature. This review summarizes the most important clinically relevant systemic side effects that may occur during ophthalmic eye treatments. In this review, we discuss general pharmacokinetic considerations as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and consequences of administering drugs from some important drug groups to the eye. Keywords: pharmacodynamics, CYP, dosing, childrenFarkouh AFrigo PCzejka MDove Medical Pressarticlepharmacokineticseye dropssystemic side effectsdosingchildrenOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 10, Pp 2433-2441 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pharmacokinetics eye drops systemic side effects dosing children Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	pharmacokinetics eye drops systemic side effects dosing children Ophthalmology RE1-994 Farkouh A Frigo P Czejka M Systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective
description	Andre Farkouh,1 Peter Frigo,2 Martin Czejka1,3 1Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 2Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 3Austrian Society of Applied Pharmacokinetics, Vienna, Austria Abstract: When administering eye drops, even when completely correctly applied, several routes of absorption are possible and excess amounts can sometimes cause an unwanted systemic bioavailability of the drops when not completely absorbed into the eye. Furthermore, the concentration of active ingredients in such medicinal preparations is usually very high, so that despite the correct application of the recommended dose, considerable amounts may be absorbed in an unwanted manner through various routes. Children are subject to a much higher risk of systemic side effects because ocular dosing is not weight adjusted and physiological development (eg, liver status) differs from that of adults. There is a lack of information about pediatric dosing in the current literature. This review summarizes the most important clinically relevant systemic side effects that may occur during ophthalmic eye treatments. In this review, we discuss general pharmacokinetic considerations as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and consequences of administering drugs from some important drug groups to the eye. Keywords: pharmacodynamics, CYP, dosing, children
format	article
author	Farkouh A Frigo P Czejka M
author_facet	Farkouh A Frigo P Czejka M
author_sort	Farkouh A
title	Systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective
title_short	Systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective
title_full	Systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective
title_fullStr	Systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective
title_full_unstemmed	Systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective
title_sort	systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/7343677b1e854868bb95b89062c1339d
work_keys_str_mv	AT farkouha systemicsideeffectsofeyedropsapharmacokineticperspective AT frigop systemicsideeffectsofeyedropsapharmacokineticperspective AT czejkam systemicsideeffectsofeyedropsapharmacokineticperspective
_version_	1718398492835053568

Systemic side effects of eye drops: a pharmacokinetic perspective

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