High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies

BackgroundGenital human papillomavirus (HPV)-infections are common in the general population and are responsible for relevant numbers of epithelial malignancies. Much data on the HPV-prevalence is available for secondary immunodeficiencies, especially for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (...

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Autores principales:	Michael Gernert, Matthias Kiesel, Matthias Fröhlich, Regina Renner, Patrick-Pascal Strunz, Jan Portegys, Hans-Peter Tony, Marc Schmalzing, Eva Christina Schwaneck
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	human papillomavirus primary immunodeficiency inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) genital warts Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/73a759cc73644789bfff6eee5b467c01
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:73a759cc73644789bfff6eee5b467c012021-11-16T07:47:13ZHigh Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.789345https://doaj.org/article/73a759cc73644789bfff6eee5b467c012021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.789345/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224BackgroundGenital human papillomavirus (HPV)-infections are common in the general population and are responsible for relevant numbers of epithelial malignancies. Much data on the HPV-prevalence is available for secondary immunodeficiencies, especially for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection. Little is known about the genital HPV-prevalence in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of patients with PIDs and took genital swabs from male and female patients, which were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV-DNA. Clinical and laboratory data was collected to identify risk factors.Results28 PID patients were included in this study. 10 of 28 (35.7%) had HPV-DNA in their genital swabs. 6 patients had high-risk HPV-types (21.4%). Most patients had asymptomatic HPV-infections, as genital warts were rare (2 of 28 patients) and HPV-associated malignancy was absent. Differences in the HPV-positivity regarding clinical PID-diagnosis, duration of PID, age, sex, immunosuppression, immunoglobulin replacement, or circumcision in males were not present. HPV-positive PID patients had higher numbers of T cells (CD3+), of cytotoxic T cells (CD3+/CD8+), of transitional B cells (CD19+/CD38++/CD10+/IgD+), and of plasmablasts (CD19+/CD38+/CD27++/IgD-) compared to HPV-negative.ConclusionPID patients exhibit a high rate of genital HPV-infections with a high rate of high-risk HPV-types. Regular screening for symptomatic genital HPV-infection and HPV-associated malignancy in PID patients seems recommendable.Michael GernertMatthias KieselMatthias FröhlichRegina RennerPatrick-Pascal StrunzJan PortegysHans-Peter TonyMarc SchmalzingEva Christina SchwaneckFrontiers Media S.A.articlehuman papillomavirusprimary immunodeficiencyinborn errors of immunity (IEIs)common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)genital wartsImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	human papillomavirus primary immunodeficiency inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) genital warts Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	human papillomavirus primary immunodeficiency inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) genital warts Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Michael Gernert Matthias Kiesel Matthias Fröhlich Regina Renner Patrick-Pascal Strunz Jan Portegys Hans-Peter Tony Marc Schmalzing Eva Christina Schwaneck High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies
description	BackgroundGenital human papillomavirus (HPV)-infections are common in the general population and are responsible for relevant numbers of epithelial malignancies. Much data on the HPV-prevalence is available for secondary immunodeficiencies, especially for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection. Little is known about the genital HPV-prevalence in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of patients with PIDs and took genital swabs from male and female patients, which were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV-DNA. Clinical and laboratory data was collected to identify risk factors.Results28 PID patients were included in this study. 10 of 28 (35.7%) had HPV-DNA in their genital swabs. 6 patients had high-risk HPV-types (21.4%). Most patients had asymptomatic HPV-infections, as genital warts were rare (2 of 28 patients) and HPV-associated malignancy was absent. Differences in the HPV-positivity regarding clinical PID-diagnosis, duration of PID, age, sex, immunosuppression, immunoglobulin replacement, or circumcision in males were not present. HPV-positive PID patients had higher numbers of T cells (CD3+), of cytotoxic T cells (CD3+/CD8+), of transitional B cells (CD19+/CD38++/CD10+/IgD+), and of plasmablasts (CD19+/CD38+/CD27++/IgD-) compared to HPV-negative.ConclusionPID patients exhibit a high rate of genital HPV-infections with a high rate of high-risk HPV-types. Regular screening for symptomatic genital HPV-infection and HPV-associated malignancy in PID patients seems recommendable.
format	article
author	Michael Gernert Matthias Kiesel Matthias Fröhlich Regina Renner Patrick-Pascal Strunz Jan Portegys Hans-Peter Tony Marc Schmalzing Eva Christina Schwaneck
author_facet	Michael Gernert Matthias Kiesel Matthias Fröhlich Regina Renner Patrick-Pascal Strunz Jan Portegys Hans-Peter Tony Marc Schmalzing Eva Christina Schwaneck
author_sort	Michael Gernert
title	High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies
title_short	High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies
title_full	High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies
title_fullStr	High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies
title_full_unstemmed	High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies
title_sort	high prevalence of genital human papillomavirus infection in patients with primary immunodeficiencies
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/73a759cc73644789bfff6eee5b467c01
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High Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies

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