Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc

Abstract Neuroinflammation is recognized as one of the obligatory pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or prion diseases. In prion diseases, space and time correlations between deposition of disease-associated, pathogenic form of the prion protein or P...

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Autores principales:	Saurabh Srivastava, Elizaveta Katorcha, Natallia Makarava, James P. Barrett, David J. Loane, Ilia V. Baskakov
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/73bae15539c04cfe9bbcf492a6065dd6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:73bae15539c04cfe9bbcf492a6065dd62021-12-02T15:08:24ZInflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc10.1038/s41598-018-29720-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/73bae15539c04cfe9bbcf492a6065dd62018-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29720-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Neuroinflammation is recognized as one of the obligatory pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or prion diseases. In prion diseases, space and time correlations between deposition of disease-associated, pathogenic form of the prion protein or PrPSc and microglial-mediated neuroinflammation has been established. Yet, it remains unclear whether activation of microglia is triggered directly by a contact with PrPSc, and what molecular features of PrPSc microglia sense and respond to that drive microglia to inflammatory states. The current study asked the questions whether PrPSc can directly trigger activation of microglia and whether the degree of microglia response depends on the nature of terminal carbohydrate groups on the surface of PrPSc particles. PrPSc was purified from brains of mice infected with mouse-adapted prion strain 22L or neuroblastoma N2a cells stably infected with 22L. BV2 microglial cells or primary microglia were cultured in the presence of purified 22L. We found that exposure of BV2 cells or primary microglia to purified PrPSc triggered proinflammatory responses characterized by an increase in the levels of TNFα, IL6, nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS). Very similar patterns of inflammatory response were induced by PrPSc purified from mouse brains and neuroblastoma cells arguing that microglia response is independent of the source of PrPSc. To test whether the microglial response is mediated by carbohydrate epitopes on PrPSc surface, the levels of sialylation of PrPSc N-linked glycans was altered by treatment of purified PrPSc with neuraminidase. Partial cleavage of sialic acid residues was found to boost the inflammatory response of microglia to PrPSc. Moreover, transient degradation of Iκβα observed upon treatment with partially desialylated PrPSc suggests that canonical NFκB activation pathway is involved in inflammatory response. The current study is the first to demonstrate that PrPSc can directly trigger inflammatory response in microglia. In addition, this work provides direct evidence that the chemical nature of the carbohydrate groups on PrPSc surface is important for microglial activation.Saurabh SrivastavaElizaveta KatorchaNatallia MakaravaJames P. BarrettDavid J. LoaneIlia V. BaskakovNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Saurabh Srivastava Elizaveta Katorcha Natallia Makarava James P. Barrett David J. Loane Ilia V. Baskakov Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc
description	Abstract Neuroinflammation is recognized as one of the obligatory pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or prion diseases. In prion diseases, space and time correlations between deposition of disease-associated, pathogenic form of the prion protein or PrPSc and microglial-mediated neuroinflammation has been established. Yet, it remains unclear whether activation of microglia is triggered directly by a contact with PrPSc, and what molecular features of PrPSc microglia sense and respond to that drive microglia to inflammatory states. The current study asked the questions whether PrPSc can directly trigger activation of microglia and whether the degree of microglia response depends on the nature of terminal carbohydrate groups on the surface of PrPSc particles. PrPSc was purified from brains of mice infected with mouse-adapted prion strain 22L or neuroblastoma N2a cells stably infected with 22L. BV2 microglial cells or primary microglia were cultured in the presence of purified 22L. We found that exposure of BV2 cells or primary microglia to purified PrPSc triggered proinflammatory responses characterized by an increase in the levels of TNFα, IL6, nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS). Very similar patterns of inflammatory response were induced by PrPSc purified from mouse brains and neuroblastoma cells arguing that microglia response is independent of the source of PrPSc. To test whether the microglial response is mediated by carbohydrate epitopes on PrPSc surface, the levels of sialylation of PrPSc N-linked glycans was altered by treatment of purified PrPSc with neuraminidase. Partial cleavage of sialic acid residues was found to boost the inflammatory response of microglia to PrPSc. Moreover, transient degradation of Iκβα observed upon treatment with partially desialylated PrPSc suggests that canonical NFκB activation pathway is involved in inflammatory response. The current study is the first to demonstrate that PrPSc can directly trigger inflammatory response in microglia. In addition, this work provides direct evidence that the chemical nature of the carbohydrate groups on PrPSc surface is important for microglial activation.
format	article
author	Saurabh Srivastava Elizaveta Katorcha Natallia Makarava James P. Barrett David J. Loane Ilia V. Baskakov
author_facet	Saurabh Srivastava Elizaveta Katorcha Natallia Makarava James P. Barrett David J. Loane Ilia V. Baskakov
author_sort	Saurabh Srivastava
title	Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc
title_short	Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc
title_full	Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc
title_fullStr	Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc
title_full_unstemmed	Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc
title_sort	inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of prpsc
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/73bae15539c04cfe9bbcf492a6065dd6
work_keys_str_mv	AT saurabhsrivastava inflammatoryresponseofmicrogliatoprionsiscontrolledbysialylationofprpsc AT elizavetakatorcha inflammatoryresponseofmicrogliatoprionsiscontrolledbysialylationofprpsc AT natalliamakarava inflammatoryresponseofmicrogliatoprionsiscontrolledbysialylationofprpsc AT jamespbarrett inflammatoryresponseofmicrogliatoprionsiscontrolledbysialylationofprpsc AT davidjloane inflammatoryresponseofmicrogliatoprionsiscontrolledbysialylationofprpsc AT iliavbaskakov inflammatoryresponseofmicrogliatoprionsiscontrolledbysialylationofprpsc
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Inflammatory response of microglia to prions is controlled by sialylation of PrPSc

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