Electrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a Stroop task.

Bilinguals have been shown to exhibit a performance advantage on executive control tasks, outperforming their monolingual counterparts. Although a wealth of research has investigated this 'bilingual advantage' behaviourally, electrophysiological correlates are lacking. Using EEG with a Str...

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Autores principales:	Emily L Coderre, Walter J B van Heuven
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/73c053d724ed46c89a3c5564c3aba24a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:73c053d724ed46c89a3c5564c3aba24a2021-11-25T06:06:55ZElectrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a Stroop task.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0103424https://doaj.org/article/73c053d724ed46c89a3c5564c3aba24a2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25068723/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Bilinguals have been shown to exhibit a performance advantage on executive control tasks, outperforming their monolingual counterparts. Although a wealth of research has investigated this 'bilingual advantage' behaviourally, electrophysiological correlates are lacking. Using EEG with a Stroop task that manipulated the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of word and colour presentation, the current study addressed two facets of the bilingual advantage. The possibility that bilinguals experience superior conflict processing relative to monolinguals (a 'conflict-specific advantage') was investigated by comparing behavioural interference effects as well as the amplitude of the Ninc, a conflict-related ERP component occurring from approximately 300-500 ms after the onset of conflict. In contrast, the hypothesis that bilinguals experience domain-general, conflict-independent enhancements in executive processing (a 'non-conflict-specific advantage') was evaluated by comparing the control condition (symbol strings) between groups. There was some significant, but inconsistent, evidence for a conflict-specific bilingual advantage. In contrast, strong evidence emerged for a non-conflict-specific advantage, with bilinguals demonstrating faster RTs and reduced ERP amplitudes on control trials compared to monolinguals. Importantly, when the control stimulus was presented before the colour, ERPs to control trials revealed group differences before the onset of conflict, suggesting differences in the ability to ignore or suppress distracting irrelevant information. This indicates that bilinguals experience superior executive processing even in the absence of conflict and semantic salience, and suggests that the advantage extends to more efficient proactive management of the environment.Emily L CoderreWalter J B van HeuvenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e103424 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Emily L Coderre Walter J B van Heuven Electrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a Stroop task.
description	Bilinguals have been shown to exhibit a performance advantage on executive control tasks, outperforming their monolingual counterparts. Although a wealth of research has investigated this 'bilingual advantage' behaviourally, electrophysiological correlates are lacking. Using EEG with a Stroop task that manipulated the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of word and colour presentation, the current study addressed two facets of the bilingual advantage. The possibility that bilinguals experience superior conflict processing relative to monolinguals (a 'conflict-specific advantage') was investigated by comparing behavioural interference effects as well as the amplitude of the Ninc, a conflict-related ERP component occurring from approximately 300-500 ms after the onset of conflict. In contrast, the hypothesis that bilinguals experience domain-general, conflict-independent enhancements in executive processing (a 'non-conflict-specific advantage') was evaluated by comparing the control condition (symbol strings) between groups. There was some significant, but inconsistent, evidence for a conflict-specific bilingual advantage. In contrast, strong evidence emerged for a non-conflict-specific advantage, with bilinguals demonstrating faster RTs and reduced ERP amplitudes on control trials compared to monolinguals. Importantly, when the control stimulus was presented before the colour, ERPs to control trials revealed group differences before the onset of conflict, suggesting differences in the ability to ignore or suppress distracting irrelevant information. This indicates that bilinguals experience superior executive processing even in the absence of conflict and semantic salience, and suggests that the advantage extends to more efficient proactive management of the environment.
format	article
author	Emily L Coderre Walter J B van Heuven
author_facet	Emily L Coderre Walter J B van Heuven
author_sort	Emily L Coderre
title	Electrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a Stroop task.
title_short	Electrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a Stroop task.
title_full	Electrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a Stroop task.
title_fullStr	Electrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a Stroop task.
title_full_unstemmed	Electrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a Stroop task.
title_sort	electrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a stroop task.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/73c053d724ed46c89a3c5564c3aba24a
work_keys_str_mv	AT emilylcoderre electrophysiologicalexplorationsofthebilingualadvantageevidencefromastrooptask AT walterjbvanheuven electrophysiologicalexplorationsofthebilingualadvantageevidencefromastrooptask
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Electrophysiological explorations of the bilingual advantage: evidence from a Stroop task.

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