Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers

Background: The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. Objectives: The present trial was conducted to compare and determine t...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Abhishek Verma, Kumar Anand, Manish Bhargava, Amulya Kolluri, Madhuresh Kumar, Devendra H Palve
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2021
Materias:	e-cigarette gingival index inflammatory mediators plaque scores salivary biomarkers smoking Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Analytical chemistry QD71-142
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/73d836153de4451aab93ed872596924d
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:73d836153de4451aab93ed872596924d
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:73d836153de4451aab93ed872596924d2021-11-19T12:15:53ZComparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers0975-740610.4103/jpbs.jpbs_393_21https://doaj.org/article/73d836153de4451aab93ed872596924d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2021;volume=13;issue=6;spage=1642;epage=1645;aulast=Vermahttps://doaj.org/toc/0975-7406Background: The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. Objectives: The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated. Results: Statistically significant (P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels.Abhishek VermaKumar AnandManish BhargavaAmulya KolluriMadhuresh KumarDevendra H PalveWolters Kluwer Medknow Publicationsarticlee-cigarettegingival indexinflammatory mediatorsplaque scoressalivary biomarkerssmokingPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441Analytical chemistryQD71-142ENJournal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 6, Pp 1642-1645 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	e-cigarette gingival index inflammatory mediators plaque scores salivary biomarkers smoking Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Analytical chemistry QD71-142
spellingShingle	e-cigarette gingival index inflammatory mediators plaque scores salivary biomarkers smoking Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Analytical chemistry QD71-142 Abhishek Verma Kumar Anand Manish Bhargava Amulya Kolluri Madhuresh Kumar Devendra H Palve Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers
description	Background: The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. Objectives: The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated. Results: Statistically significant (P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels.
format	article
author	Abhishek Verma Kumar Anand Manish Bhargava Amulya Kolluri Madhuresh Kumar Devendra H Palve
author_facet	Abhishek Verma Kumar Anand Manish Bhargava Amulya Kolluri Madhuresh Kumar Devendra H Palve
author_sort	Abhishek Verma
title	Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers
title_short	Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers
title_full	Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers
title_fullStr	Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers
title_sort	comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-cigarette smokers and conventional smokers
publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/73d836153de4451aab93ed872596924d
work_keys_str_mv	AT abhishekverma comparativeevaluationofsalivarybiomarkerlevelsinecigarettesmokersandconventionalsmokers AT kumaranand comparativeevaluationofsalivarybiomarkerlevelsinecigarettesmokersandconventionalsmokers AT manishbhargava comparativeevaluationofsalivarybiomarkerlevelsinecigarettesmokersandconventionalsmokers AT amulyakolluri comparativeevaluationofsalivarybiomarkerlevelsinecigarettesmokersandconventionalsmokers AT madhureshkumar comparativeevaluationofsalivarybiomarkerlevelsinecigarettesmokersandconventionalsmokers AT devendrahpalve comparativeevaluationofsalivarybiomarkerlevelsinecigarettesmokersandconventionalsmokers
_version_	1718420139472322560

Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers

Ejemplares similares