Sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, over half of the population is exposed to contaminated drinking water. The WHO recommends both sanitary inspection and water quality analysis to assess the risk of water source contamination, but the relationship between these tools is poorly understood. We explore th...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Emma Kelly, Ryan Cronk, Michael Fisher, Jamie Bartram
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/740967847d2f49c9bb0b88af7e8ac6aa
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:740967847d2f49c9bb0b88af7e8ac6aa
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:740967847d2f49c9bb0b88af7e8ac6aa2021-12-02T13:35:39ZSanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa10.1038/s41545-020-00093-z2059-7037https://doaj.org/article/740967847d2f49c9bb0b88af7e8ac6aa2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-020-00093-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2059-7037Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, over half of the population is exposed to contaminated drinking water. The WHO recommends both sanitary inspection and water quality analysis to assess the risk of water source contamination, but the relationship between these tools is poorly understood. We explore the relationship between sanitary inspection and water quality analysis using data from 1028 boreholes with handpumps in 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Sanitary inspection scores and E. coli occurrence were compared using the models described in published literature, and an alternative model that better reflects causal pathways of contamination. In the alternative model, sanitary risk factors were categorized as contamination sources, carriers, or barrier breakdowns, and the relationships between risk factor combinations and E. coli occurrence were assessed. We found no associations between sanitary risk score and E. coli occurrence using either the established or alternative model. These results confirm that sanitary inspections and microbial analyses convey distinct information, and perfect correlation is neither expected nor desired. The alternative model demonstrated a slightly better model fit than most established models, and the model fit further improved when the occurrence of rainfall in the past two days was added as a carrier. We recommend that: implementers train water system operators to conduct sanitary inspection; and researchers work to improve our understanding of the effect of individual sanitary risk factors, as well as incorporate contextual data into their assessments of sanitary inspection and water quality.Emma KellyRyan CronkMichael FisherJamie BartramNature PortfolioarticleWater supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENnpj Clean Water, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Emma Kelly Ryan Cronk Michael Fisher Jamie Bartram Sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa
description	Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, over half of the population is exposed to contaminated drinking water. The WHO recommends both sanitary inspection and water quality analysis to assess the risk of water source contamination, but the relationship between these tools is poorly understood. We explore the relationship between sanitary inspection and water quality analysis using data from 1028 boreholes with handpumps in 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Sanitary inspection scores and E. coli occurrence were compared using the models described in published literature, and an alternative model that better reflects causal pathways of contamination. In the alternative model, sanitary risk factors were categorized as contamination sources, carriers, or barrier breakdowns, and the relationships between risk factor combinations and E. coli occurrence were assessed. We found no associations between sanitary risk score and E. coli occurrence using either the established or alternative model. These results confirm that sanitary inspections and microbial analyses convey distinct information, and perfect correlation is neither expected nor desired. The alternative model demonstrated a slightly better model fit than most established models, and the model fit further improved when the occurrence of rainfall in the past two days was added as a carrier. We recommend that: implementers train water system operators to conduct sanitary inspection; and researchers work to improve our understanding of the effect of individual sanitary risk factors, as well as incorporate contextual data into their assessments of sanitary inspection and water quality.
format	article
author	Emma Kelly Ryan Cronk Michael Fisher Jamie Bartram
author_facet	Emma Kelly Ryan Cronk Michael Fisher Jamie Bartram
author_sort	Emma Kelly
title	Sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa
title_short	Sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa
title_full	Sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa
title_fullStr	Sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa
title_full_unstemmed	Sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa
title_sort	sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-saharan africa
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/740967847d2f49c9bb0b88af7e8ac6aa
work_keys_str_mv	AT emmakelly sanitaryinspectionmicrobialwaterqualityanalysisandwatersafetyinhandpumpsinruralsubsaharanafrica AT ryancronk sanitaryinspectionmicrobialwaterqualityanalysisandwatersafetyinhandpumpsinruralsubsaharanafrica AT michaelfisher sanitaryinspectionmicrobialwaterqualityanalysisandwatersafetyinhandpumpsinruralsubsaharanafrica AT jamiebartram sanitaryinspectionmicrobialwaterqualityanalysisandwatersafetyinhandpumpsinruralsubsaharanafrica
_version_	1718392681923608576

Sanitary inspection, microbial water quality analysis, and water safety in handpumps in rural sub-Saharan Africa

Ejemplares similares